Observability is the practice of understanding the internal state of a system by analyzing its outputs—primarily logs, metrics, and traces. In software, observability provides insights into the health, performance, and behavior of applications, services, and infrastructure, allowing teams to identify and resolve issues faster, optimize system performance, and improve user experience.
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Logs: Logs are records of events or messages generated by applications or infrastructure, often capturing errors, warnings, or significant operations. They help in understanding what actions occurred and in what sequence.
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Metrics: Metrics are numerical values that represent the performance of a system, such as CPU usage, memory usage, response times, and throughput. Metrics help monitor trends and spot anomalies.
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Traces: Traces follow a request’s path through different parts of the system, particularly in distributed or microservices architectures. They provide a deta