See https://wordpress.org/support/topic/open-graph-protocol-does-not-support-webp/

try-featured-image-og-image.php

<?php
/**
 * Plugin Name: Try Featured Image as OG Image
 */

function apply_wp_content_img_tag_filters( string $markup, int $attachment_id ): string {
	return apply_filters( 'wp_content_img_tag', $markup, '', $attachment_id );
}

add_action(
	'wp',
	static function () {
		if ( ! is_singular() || ! get_post_thumbnail_id() ) {
			return;
		}

		add_action(
			'wp_head',
			function () {
				$url = get_the_post_thumbnail_url( null, 'thumbnail' );
				printf( '<meta name="og:image" class="get_the_post_thumbnail_url" content="%s">' . PHP_EOL, esc_url( $url ) );
				printf( '<meta name="og:image" class="wp_get_attachment_image_url" content="%s">' . PHP_EOL, esc_url( wp_get_attachment_image_url( get_post_thumbnail_id() ) ) );
			}
		);

	}
);

add_action(
	'wp_body_open',
	function () {
		if ( ! is_singular() || ! get_post_thumbnail_id() ) {
			return;
		}

		echo "\n";

		// Failure 1:
		$url = get_the_post_thumbnail_url( null, 'thumbnail' );
		printf( "get_the_post_thumbnail_url:\n<img src='%s'>\n\n", esc_url( $url ) );

		// Failure 2:
		$img_tag = wp_get_attachment_image( get_post_thumbnail_id(), 'thumbnail' );
		echo "wp_get_attachment_image:\n$img_tag\n\n";

		// Workaround 1:
		echo "wp_content_img_tag(get_the_post_thumbnail_url):\n";
		$markup = sprintf( "<img src='%s'>", get_the_post_thumbnail_url( null, 'thumbnail' ) );
		echo apply_filters( 'wp_content_img_tag', $markup, '', get_post_thumbnail_id() ) . "\n\n";

		// Workaround 2:
		echo "wp_content_img_tag(wp_get_attachment_image):\n";
		$markup = wp_get_attachment_image( get_post_thumbnail_id(), 'thumbnail' );
		echo apply_filters( 'wp_content_img_tag', $markup, '', get_post_thumbnail_id() ) . "\n\n";

		// Workaround 3"
		$markup = wp_get_attachment_image( get_post_thumbnail_id(), 'thumbnail', false, array( 'class' => 'wp-image-' . get_post_thumbnail_id() ) );
		echo "the_content(wp_get_attachment_image):\n" . apply_filters( 'the_content', $markup ) . "\n\n";
	}
);

$img = apply_filters(
	'wp_content_img_tag',
	wp_get_attachment_image( get_post_thumbnail_id(), 'large' ), '',
	get_post_thumbnail_id()
);