Arduino Robot Code

arduino_robot

/* 
Original code by Nick Brenn
Modified by Marc de Vinck
Make Projects Arduino-based 4WD robot
http://makeprojects.com/Project/Build-your-own-Arduino-Controlled-Robot-/577/1 
 */
#include <AFMotor.h> 
AF_DCMotor motor1(1, MOTOR12_8KHZ); 
AF_DCMotor motor2(2, MOTOR12_8KHZ); 
AF_DCMotor motor3(3, MOTOR12_1KHZ); 
AF_DCMotor motor4(4, MOTOR12_1KHZ); 
const int pingPin = 19; 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setup() 
{ 
Serial.begin(9600);                 // set up Serial library at 9600 bps 
motor1.setSpeed(200);               // Sets the speed for all the motors 1 - 4 (255 is the 
maximum speed)      
motor2.setSpeed(200); 
motor3.setSpeed(200); 
motor4.setSpeed(200); 
} 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
float ping ()                       // This is the code that runs the PING ))) Sensor 
{ 
long duration, inches; 
pinMode(pingPin, OUTPUT); 
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW); 
delayMicroseconds(2); 
digitalWrite(pingPin, HIGH); 
delayMicroseconds(5); 
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW); 
pinMode(pingPin, INPUT); 
duration = pulseIn(pingPin, HIGH);  
long microsecondsToInches(long microseconds);
inches = microsecondsToInches(duration); 
return inches; 
} // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void forward()                    // This function moves all the wheels forward 
{ 
motor1.run(FORWARD); 
motor2.run(FORWARD); 
motor3.run(FORWARD); 
motor4.run(FORWARD); 
} 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void backward()                    // This function moves all the wheels backwards 
{     
motor1.run(BACKWARD); 
motor2.run(BACKWARD); 
motor3.run(BACKWARD); 
motor4.run(BACKWARD); 
} 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void haltMotors()                   // This function stops all the motors (It is better to stop 
the motors before changing direction) 
{ 
motor1.run(RELEASE); 
motor2.run(RELEASE); 
motor3.run(RELEASE); 
motor4.run(RELEASE);
} 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void turnRight()                    // This function turns the robot right
{
motor1.run(FORWARD); 
motor2.run(BACKWARD); 
motor3.run(FORWARD); 
motor4.run(BACKWARD); 
} 
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void loop() {                         // This is the main program that will run over and over
long duration, inches;                // Declare the variables "duration" and "inches"duration = pulseIn(pingPin, HIGH); 
inches = ping();                      // Set the inches variable to the float returned by the 
ping() function. 
Serial.print(inches);
Serial.print("in, ");
Serial.println();
  
while (inches >8){                    // While the robot is 8 inches away from an object. 
inches = ping(); 
forward();                            // Move the robot forward. 
  } 
haltMotors();                         // Stop the motors for 2 seconds, before changing 
direction. 
delay(1000);             
while (inches < 10){                  // Until the robot is 10 inches away from the object, go 
backward. 
inches = ping(); 
backward();                           // Move the robot backward. 
} 
turnRight();                          // Once the robot is done moving backward, turn the robot 
right. 
delay(1500);                          // Note!  Change this value (greater or smaller) to adjust 
how much the robot turns right 
haltMotors(); 
delay(1000); 
} 
long microsecondsToInches(long microseconds){ 
return microseconds / 74 / 2; 
} 

when iam trying to compile the code iam getting the following error. can anyone help me???

Arduino: 1.5.6-r2 (Windows 7), Board: "Arduino Mega or Mega 2560, ATmega2560 (Mega 2560)"

sketch_nov15f:9: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
sketch_nov15f:10: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
sketch_nov15f:11: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
sketch_nov15f:12: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
sketch_nov15f:13: error: expected primary-expression before ';' token
sketch_nov15f.ino: In function 'void setup()':
sketch_nov15f:18: error: 'motor1' was not declared in this scope
sketch_nov15f:19: error: 'maximum' was not declared in this scope
sketch_nov15f:19: error: expected ;' before 'speed' sketch_nov15f:21: error: 'motor3' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:22: error: 'motor4' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f.ino: At global scope: sketch_nov15f:25: error: expected unqualified-id before '{' token sketch_nov15f.ino: In function 'void forward()': sketch_nov15f:41: error: 'motor1' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:41: error: 'FORWARD' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:42: error: 'motor2' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:43: error: 'motor3' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:44: error: 'motor4' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f.ino: In function 'void backward()': sketch_nov15f:49: error: 'motor1' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:49: error: 'BACKWARD' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:50: error: 'motor2' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:51: error: 'motor3' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:52: error: 'motor4' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f.ino: At global scope: sketch_nov15f:56: error: expected initializer before 'the' sketch_nov15f.ino: In function 'void turnRight()': sketch_nov15f:66: error: 'motor1' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:66: error: 'FORWARD' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:67: error: 'motor2' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:67: error: 'BACKWARD' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:68: error: 'motor3' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:69: error: 'motor4' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f.ino: In function 'void loop()': sketch_nov15f:74: error: 'ping' was not declared in this scope sketch_nov15f:75: error: expected;' before 'function'
sketch_nov15f:84: error: 'haltMotors' was not declared in this scope
sketch_nov15f:85: error: 'direction' was not declared in this scope
sketch_nov15f:89: error: request for member 'inches' in 'backward', which is of non-class type 'void ()()'
sketch_nov15f:93: error: 'right' was not declared in this scope
sketch_nov15f:95: error: 'how' was not declared in this scope
sketch_nov15f:95: error: expected `;' before 'much'

This report would have more information with
"Show verbose output during compilation"
enabled in File > Preferences.

Fix Almost
So I just had a look at the code and for the most part the "// text blah blah" is not formatted correctly
Ex
void(){ // the text that the guy wrought was totaly
bad and doest work blah blah.
text.moter=34.
}

so i look for the Words that are highlighted in the error log
EX
sketch_nov15f:95: error: expected `;' before 'much'

Heres the code i fixed But cant get the last two errors to go away

include <AFMotor.h>

include <Stepper.h>

/*
Original code by Nick Brenn
Modified by Marc de Vinck
Make Projects Arduino-based 4WD robot
http://makeprojects.com/Project/Build-your-own-Arduino-Controlled-Robot-/577/1
*/

include <AFMotor.h>

AF_DCMotor motor1(1, MOTOR12_8KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor2(2, MOTOR12_8KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor3(3, MOTOR12_1KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor4(4, MOTOR12_1KHZ);
const int pingPin = 19;
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // set up Serial library at 9600 bps
motor1.setSpeed(200); // Sets the speed for all the motors 1 - 4 (255 is the maximum speed)
motor2.setSpeed(200);
motor3.setSpeed(200);
motor4.setSpeed(200);
}

{
long duration, inches;
pinMode(pingPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(pingPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(5);
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
pinMode(pingPin, INPUT);
duration = pulseIn(pingPin, HIGH);
long microsecondsToInches(long microseconds);
inches = microsecondsToInches(duration);
return inches;
} // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void forward() // This function moves all the wheels forward
{
motor1.run(FORWARD);
motor2.run(FORWARD);
motor3.run(FORWARD);
motor4.run(FORWARD);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void backward() // This function moves all the wheels backwards
{
motor1.run(BACKWARD);
motor2.run(BACKWARD);
motor3.run(BACKWARD);
motor4.run(BACKWARD);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void haltMotors() // This function stops all the motors (It is better to stop the motors before changing direction)
{
motor1.run(RELEASE);
motor2.run(RELEASE);
motor3.run(RELEASE);
motor4.run(RELEASE);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void turnRight() // This function turns the robot right
{
motor1.run(FORWARD);
motor2.run(BACKWARD);
motor3.run(FORWARD);
motor4.run(BACKWARD);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void loop() { // This is the main program that will run over and over
long duration, inches; // Declare the variables "duration" and "inches"duration = pulseIn(pingPin, HIGH);
inches = ping(); // Set the inches variable to the float returned by the ping() function.
Serial.print(inches);
Serial.print("in, ");
Serial.println();
while (inches >8){ // While the robot is 8 inches away from an object.
inches = ping();
forward(); // Move the robot forward.
}
haltMotors(); // Stop the motors for 2 seconds, before changing direction.
delay(1000);
while (inches < 10){ // Until the robot is 10 inches away from the object, go backward.
inches = ping();
backward(); // Move the robot backward.
}
turnRight(); // Once the robot is done moving backward, turn the robot right.
delay(1500); // Note! Change this value (greater or smaller) to adjust how much the robot turns right
haltMotors();
delay(1000);
}
long microsecondsToInches(long microseconds){
return microseconds /74 / 2;
}

between the lines of

motor4.setSpeed(200);
}

{
long duration, inches;

it needs a line

long ping()

to make it compile

delete float and write again

Here are the code that I already fixed it and it successfully compiled. If you have problem with #include <AFMotor.h> please download https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-Motor-Shield-library and open your sketch. Click on sketch and then select "Include Library" then Choose "Add Zip library" so you will browse to file you downloaded.
Thanks!
/*
Original code by Nick Brenn
Modified by Marc de Vinck
Make Projects Arduino-based 4WD robot
http://makeprojects.com/Project/Build-your-own-Arduino-Controlled-Robot-/577/1
*/

include <AFMotor.h>

AF_DCMotor motor1(1, MOTOR12_8KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor2(2, MOTOR12_8KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor3(3, MOTOR12_1KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor4(4, MOTOR12_1KHZ);
const int pingPin = 19;
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // set up Serial library at 9600 bps
motor1.setSpeed(200); // Sets the speed for all the motors 1 - 4 (255 is the maximum speed)
motor2.setSpeed(200);
motor3.setSpeed(200);
motor4.setSpeed(200);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
float ping() // This is the code that runs the PING ))) Sensor
{
long duration, inches;
pinMode(pingPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(pingPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(5);
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
pinMode(pingPin, INPUT);
duration = pulseIn(pingPin, HIGH);
long microsecondsToInches(long microseconds);
inches = microsecondsToInches(duration);
return inches;
} // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void forward() // This function moves all the wheels forward
{
motor1.run(FORWARD);
motor2.run(FORWARD);
motor3.run(FORWARD);
motor4.run(FORWARD);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void backward() // This function moves all the wheels backwards
{
motor1.run(BACKWARD);
motor2.run(BACKWARD);
motor3.run(BACKWARD);
motor4.run(BACKWARD);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void haltMotors() // This function stops all the motors (It is better to stop
//the motors before changing direction)
{
motor1.run(RELEASE);
motor2.run(RELEASE);
motor3.run(RELEASE);
motor4.run(RELEASE);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void turnRight() // This function turns the robot right
{
motor1.run(FORWARD);
motor2.run(BACKWARD);
motor3.run(FORWARD);
motor4.run(BACKWARD);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void loop() { // This is the main program that will run over and over
long duration, inches; // Declare the variables "duration" and "inches"duration = pulseIn(pingPin, HIGH);
inches = ping(); // Set the inches variable to the float returned by the ping()function
Serial.print(inches);
Serial.print("in, ");
Serial.println();

while (inches >8){ // While the robot is 8 inches away from an object.
inches = ping();
forward(); // Move the robot forward.
}
haltMotors(); // Stop the motors for 2 seconds, before changing direction.
delay(1000);
while (inches < 10){ // Until the robot is 10 inches away from the object, go backward.
inches = ping();
backward(); // Move the robot backward.
}
turnRight(); // Once the robot is done moving backward, turn the robot right.
delay(1500); // Note! Change this value (greater or smaller) to adjust
//how much the robot turns right
haltMotors();
delay(1000);
}
long microsecondsToInches(long microseconds){
return microseconds / 74 / 2;
}

Please tell me , is my code correct?

/IR + Ultrasonic Line follower robot (black line on white surface)
This robot also has ultrasonic range sensor that enables it to stop when any obstacle is on the black line.
keshri-prasanjeet, [email protected]/
//inputs:
‪#‎ define ‬LIR 2 //left ir sensor

define RIR 3 //right ir sensor

define echoPin 4 //echo pin of ping )))

//outputs:

define direction_L 5 //left forward

define direction_R 6 //right forward

define triggerPin 7 //trigger pin of ping )))

void setup() { //setup function
Serial.begin(9600); //serial communication
for(int i = 2; i < 5; i ++){ //initialize inputs:
pinMode(i, INPUT);
}
for(int i = 5; i < 8; i ++){//initialize outputs:
pinMode(i, OUTPUT);
}
Serial.println("ready"); //starting message
}
void loop() { //loop function
//reading sensors
int DLIR = digitalRead(LIR); //left ir
int DRIR = digitalRead(LIR); //right ir
//trigger pulse of ping )))
digitalWrite(triggerPin, LOW);
delay(5);
digitalWrite(triggerPin, HIGH);
delay(5);
digitalWrite(triggerPin, LOW);
float dist = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); //get time
dist = dist / 58; //scaling to cm
Serial.println(dist); //print distance
if(dist > 10){ //if no object on the path:
if(DLIR == HIGH && DRIR == HIGH){ //if robot is on the BLACK path
//go forward:
analogWrite(direction_L, 255);
analogWrite(direction_R, 255);
Serial.println("go forward");
}
else if(DLIR == HIGH && DRIR == LOW){ //right sensor missed the parth
//turn left:
analogWrite(direction_L, 128);
analogWrite(direction_R, 255);
Serial.println("turn left");
}
else if(DLIR == LOW && DRIR == HIGH){ //left sensor missed the parth
//turn right:
analogWrite(direction_L, 255);
analogWrite(direction_R, 128);
Serial.println("turn right");
}
else{ //path missed!
//stop:
analogWrite(direction_L, 0);
analogWrite(direction_R, 0);
Serial.println("parth missed!");
}
}
else{//object found
//stop:
analogWrite(direction_L, 0);
analogWrite(direction_R, 0);
Serial.println("object found");
}
delay(100);
}

Downloading, copy/pasting raw code created initial frustration with this code. The initial float pin() errors posted a few years ago are resolved by simply retyping them in the Arduino IDE. You'll see the float text turn green - and then you realize what a noob you are ;)

If you are equally noobish as myself, you may get the stray /357 error. I invite you to look to see where the line breaks are in the code. I had to clear 8 lines, but if you pay attention you'll see the problems.

Thanks to Make and the contributors for keeping a fun project up a running for several years!

for the lazy ones @2018

/*
Original code by Nick Brenn
Modified by Marc de Vinck
Make Projects Arduino-based 4WD robot
http://makeprojects.com/Project/Build-your-own-Arduino-Controlled-Robot-/577/1
*/
#include <AFMotor.h>
AF_DCMotor motor1(1, MOTOR12_8KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor2(2, MOTOR12_8KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor3(3, MOTOR12_1KHZ);
AF_DCMotor motor4(4, MOTOR12_1KHZ);
const int pingPin = 19;
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // set up Serial library at 9600 bps
motor1.setSpeed(200); // Sets the speed for all the motors 1 - 4 (255 is the maximum speed)
motor2.setSpeed(200);
motor3.setSpeed(200);
motor4.setSpeed(200);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
float ping() // This is the code that runs the PING ))) Sensor
{
long duration, inches;
pinMode(pingPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(pingPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(5);
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
pinMode(pingPin, INPUT);
duration = pulseIn(pingPin, HIGH);
long microsecondsToInches(long microseconds);
inches = microsecondsToInches(duration);
return inches;
} // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void forward() // This function moves all the wheels forward
{
motor1.run(FORWARD);
motor2.run(FORWARD);
motor3.run(FORWARD);
motor4.run(FORWARD);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void backward() // This function moves all the wheels backwards
{
motor1.run(BACKWARD);
motor2.run(BACKWARD);
motor3.run(BACKWARD);
motor4.run(BACKWARD);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void haltMotors() // This function stops all the motors (It is better to stop the motors before changing direction)
{
motor1.run(RELEASE);
motor2.run(RELEASE);
motor3.run(RELEASE);
motor4.run(RELEASE);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void turnRight() // This function turns the robot right
{
motor1.run(FORWARD);
motor2.run(BACKWARD);
motor3.run(FORWARD);
motor4.run(BACKWARD);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void loop() { // This is the main program that will run over and over
long duration, inches; // Declare the variables "duration" and "inches"duration = pulseIn(pingPin, HIGH);
inches = ping(); // Set the inches variable to the float returned by the ping() function.
Serial.print(inches);
Serial.print("in, ");
Serial.println();

while (inches >8){ // While the robot is 8 inches away from an object.
inches = ping();
forward(); // Move the robot forward.
}
haltMotors(); // Stop the motors for 2 seconds, before changing direction.
delay(1000);
while (inches < 10){ // Until the robot is 10 inches away from the object, go backward.
inches = ping();
backward(); // Move the robot backward.
}
turnRight(); // Once the robot is done moving backward, turn the robot right.
delay(1500); // Note! Change this value (greater or smaller) to adjust how much the robot turns right
haltMotors();
delay(1000);
}
long microsecondsToInches(long microseconds){
return microseconds / 74 / 2;
}

Hi Nick,
Just a quick question. The Ping sensor, HC-SR04, has 4 pins: Vcc, Trig, Echo, Gnd. In your sketch "const int pingPin = 19;" You use pin 19 to connect the sensor to the Arduino. Because it shows pin 19 were you using an Arduino Mega 2560 to run the sketch? And, I don't understand how to set up the HC-SR04 with only one pin. Are both Trig and Echo connected to pin 19 on the Mega 2560? If I am using an Arduino Uno, which pin would I use? Any help would be most appreciated. Thanks.
Dan Urbauer
[email protected]
P.S. Just occurred to me, maybe your not using the HC-SR04, but some other sensor.