Typing vagrant from the command line will display a list of all available commands.

Be sure that you are in the same directory as the Vagrantfile when running these commands!

Common Vagrant Commands

vagrant up -- starts vagrant environment (also provisions only on the FIRST vagrant up)
vagrant status -- outputs status of the vagrant machine
vagrant halt -- stops the vagrant machine
vagrant reload -- restarts vagrant machine, loads new Vagrantfile configuration
vagrant provision -- forces reprovisioning of the vagrant machine
vagrant ssh -- connects to machine via SSH
vagrant destroy -- stops and deletes all traces of the vagrant machine

Tips

vagrant -v -- Get the vagrant version
vagrant global-status -- outputs status of all vagrant machines
vagrant suspend -- Suspends a virtual machine (remembers state)
vagrant resume -- Resume a suspended machine (vagrant up works just fine for this as well)
vagrant reload --provision -- Restart the virtual machine and force provisioning
vagrant provision --debug -- Use the debug flag to increase the verbosity of the output
vagrant push -- Yes, vagrant can be configured to deploy code!
vagrant up --provision | tee provision.log -- Runs vagrant up, forces provisioning and logs all output to a file

If you are using VVV, you can enable xdebug by running vagrant ssh and then xdebug_on from the virtual machine's CLI.