Mount a disk in ubuntu (AWS EBS)

gistfile1.txt

[ec2-user ~]$ lsblk
NAME  MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
xvdf  202:80   0  100G  0 disk
xvda1 202:1    0    8G  0 disk /
The output of lsblk removes the /dev/ prefix from full device paths. In this example, /dev/xvda1 is mounted as the root device (note the MOUNTPOINT is listed as /, the root of the Linux file system hierarchy), and /dev/xvdf is attached, but it has not been mounted yet.

Determine whether you need to create a file system on the volume. New volumes are raw block devices, and you need to create a file system on them before you can mount and use them. Volumes that have been restored from snapshots likely have a file system on them already; if you create a new file system on top of an existing file system, the operation overwrites your data. Use the sudo file -s device command to list special information, such as file system type.

[ec2-user ~]$ sudo file -s /dev/xvdf
/dev/xvdf: data
If the output of the previous command shows simply data for the device, then there is no file system on the device and you need to create one. You can go on to Step 4. If you run this command on a device that contains a file system, then your output will be different.

[ec2-user ~]$ sudo file -s /dev/xvda1
/dev/xvda1: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data, UUID=1701d228-e1bd-4094-a14c-8c64d6819362 (needs journal recovery) (extents) (large files) (huge files)
In the previous example, the device contains Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data, so this volume does not need a file system created (you can skip Step 4 if your output shows file system data).

(Conditional) Use the following command to create an ext4 file system on the volume. Substitute the device name (such as /dev/xvdf) for device_name. Depending on the requirements of your application or the limitations of your operating system, you can choose a different file system type, such as ext3 or XFS.

Caution
This step assumes that you're mounting an empty volume. If you're mounting a volume that already has data on it (for example, a volume that was restored from a snapshot), don't use mkfs before mounting the volume (skip to the next step instead). Otherwise, you'll format the volume and delete the existing data.
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 device_name
Use the following command to create a mount point directory for the volume. The mount point is where the volume is located in the file system tree and where you read and write files to after you mount the volume. Substitute a location for mount_point, such as /data.

[ec2-user ~]$ sudo mkdir mount_point
Use the following command to mount the volume at the location you just created.

[ec2-user ~]$ sudo mount device_name mount_point
(Optional) To mount this EBS volume on every system reboot, add an entry for the device to the /etc/fstab file.

Create a backup of your /etc/fstab file that you can use if you accidentally destroy or delete this file while you are editing it.

[ec2-user ~]$ sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.orig
Open the /etc/fstab file using any text editor, such as nano or vim.

Note
You need to open the file as root or by using the sudo command.
Add a new line to the end of the file for your volume using the following format.

device_name  mount_point  file_system_type  fs_mntops  fs_freq  fs_passno  
The last three fields on this line are the file system mount options, the dump frequency of the file system, and the order of file system checks done at boot time. If you don't know what these values should be, then use the values in the following example for them (defaults,nofail 0 2). For more information on /etc/fstab entries, see the fstab manual page (by entering man fstab on the command line). For example, to mount the ext4 file system on the device /dev/xvdf at the mount point /data, add the following entry to /etc/fstab.

Note
If you ever intend to boot your instance without this volume attached (for example, so this volume could move back and forth between different instances), you should add the nofail mount option that allows the instance to boot even if there are errors in mounting the volume. Debian derivatives, such as Ubuntu, must also add the nobootwait mount option.
/dev/xvdf       /data   ext4    defaults,nofail        0       2
After you've added the new entry to /etc/fstab, you need to check that your entry works. Run the sudo mount -a command to mount all file systems in /etc/fstab.

[ec2-user ~]$ sudo mount -a
If the previous command does not produce an error, then your /etc/fstab file is OK and your file system will mount automatically at the next boot. If the command does produce any errors, examine the errors and try to correct your /etc/fstab.

Warning
Errors in the /etc/fstab file can render a system unbootable. Do not shut down a system that has errors in the /etc/fstab file.
(Optional) If you are unsure how to correct /etc/fstab errors, you can always restore your backup /etc/fstab file with the following command.

[ec2-user ~]$ sudo mv /etc/fstab.orig /etc/fstab