global string test

test.ino

/*******************************************************************
    A telegram bot for your ESP32 that demonstrates a bot
    that show bot action message

    Parts:
    ESP32 D1 Mini style Dev board* - http://s.click.aliexpress.com/e/C6ds4my
    (or any ESP32 board)

      = Affilate

    If you find what I do useful and would like to support me,
    please consider becoming a sponsor on Github
    https://github.com/sponsors/witnessmenow/

    Example originally written by Vadim Sinitski 

    Library written by Brian Lough
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/brianlough
    Tindie: https://www.tindie.com/stores/brianlough/
    Twitter: https://twitter.com/witnessmenow
 *******************************************************************/
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
#include <UniversalTelegramBot.h>

// Wifi network station credentials
#define WIFI_SSID "XXX"
#define WIFI_PASSWORD "XXX"
// Telegram BOT Token (Get from Botfather)
#define BOT_TOKEN "XXX"

const unsigned long BOT_MTBS = 1000; // mean time between scan messages

WiFiClientSecure secured_client;
UniversalTelegramBot bot(BOT_TOKEN, secured_client);
unsigned long bot_lasttime;          // last time messages' scan has been done
bool Start = false;
/*******************************************/
// GLOBAL STRINGS: had problems with memory fragmentation on the ESP32 for this code.
// Trying global strings to see if things work out better.
String chat_id;
String text;
String from_name;
String welcome;

void handleNewMessages(int numNewMessages)
{
  Serial.println("handleNewMessages");
  //Serial.println(String(numNewMessages));

  for (int i = 0; i < numNewMessages; i++)
  {
    chat_id = bot.messages[i].chat_id;
    text = bot.messages[i].text;

    from_name = bot.messages[i].from_name;
    if (from_name == "")
      from_name = "Guest";

    if (text == "/send_test_action")
    {
      bot.sendChatAction(chat_id, "typing");
      delay(4000);
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Did you see the action message?");

      // You can't use own message, just choose from one of bellow

      //typing for text messages
      //upload_photo for photos
      //record_video or upload_video for videos
      //record_audio or upload_audio for audio files
      //upload_document for general files
      //find_location for location data

      //more info here - https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#sendchataction
    }

    if (text == "/start")
    {
      welcome = "Welcome to Universal Arduino Telegram Bot library, " + from_name + ".\n";
      welcome += "This is Chat Action Bot example.\n\n";
      welcome += "/send_test_action : to send test chat action message\n";
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id, welcome);
    }
  }
}

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println();

  // attempt to connect to Wifi network:
  Serial.print("Connecting to Wifi SSID ");
  Serial.print(WIFI_SSID);
  WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
  secured_client.setCACert(TELEGRAM_CERTIFICATE_ROOT); // Add root certificate for api.telegram.org
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
  {
    Serial.print(".");
    delay(500);
  }
  Serial.print("\nWiFi connected. IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

  Serial.print("Retrieving time: ");
  configTime(0, 0, "pool.ntp.org"); // get UTC time via NTP
  time_t now = time(nullptr);
  while (now < 24 * 3600)
  {
    Serial.print(".");
    delay(100);
    now = time(nullptr);
  }
  Serial.println(now);
}

void loop()
{
  if (millis() - bot_lasttime > BOT_MTBS)
  {
    int numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);

    while (numNewMessages)
    {
      Serial.println("got response");
      handleNewMessages(numNewMessages);
      numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);
    }

    bot_lasttime = millis();
  }
}