William Poetra Yoga wpyoga

Quick summary

IGBTs are the modern default for most motor/inverter/drive applications: faster switching, simpler gate drive, higher switching frequency capability, easier paralleling and better overall efficiency at typical inverter frequencies.
GTOs (GTRs) are older high-power devices that can carry large currents and block high voltages, but require complex gate drives, large snubber networks, and run at much lower switching frequencies. They were common in traction/HVDC historically but have largely been replaced by IGBTs (and now SiC) in new designs.

1) Fundamental technology and how they switch

GTO (Gate Turn-Off Thyristor / sometimes called GTR in older texts):

Thyristor family device: a four-layer (p-n-p-n) semiconductor that latches on when forward current flows.

Here is a detailed technical comparison between IGBT-based and GTR-based drives.

Executive Summary

The IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) drive is a superior technology in every significant aspect compared to the obsolete GTR (Giant Transistor) drive. For 24/7 continuous operation, IGBT drives are unequivocally more durable, stable, and efficient. GTR drives have been completely phased out of new equipment since the late 1990s.

	;Tested with AHK v2.0.26
	#Requires AutoHotkey v2.0
	;Download UIA-v2 from here: https://github.com/Descolada/UIA-v2
	;Tested with UIA-v2 v1.1.3
	#include "UIA.ahk"

	mw_exe := "ahk_exe MWSmart.exe"

	;Wait until the main code editor is available
	loop {

	import argparse
	import math
	import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
	from svgelements import SVG


	def calculate_bbox(svg):
	"""
	Calculate the bounding box of drawable SVG content.

	# Save this file as ~/.config/ibus/rime/luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml
	# Execute `ibus restart`, then switch window focus (Alt-Tab) to refresh ibus state
	# Configure half-width mode (半角) and full width punctuation (。，)
	# The following overrides specific punctuation keys for full-width characters
	patch:
	reverse_lookup: {} # to override "`"
	recognizer: {} # to override "`"
	punctuator:
	half_shape:
	# Number row

	# Shorten boot time
	VBoxManage modifyvm <vmname> --biosbootmenu disabled --bioslogodisplaytime 1 --bioslogofadein off --bioslogofadeout off

	# Boot straight to virtual hard disk
	VBoxManage modifyvm <vmname> --boot1 disk --boot2 none --boot3 none --boot4 none

	# Disable audio
	VBoxManage modifyvm <vmname> --audio-enabled off

	# Clipboard sharing

	sudo sed \
	-i.orig /usr/share/javascript/proxmox-widget-toolkit/proxmoxlib.js \
	-e 's#\(^ checked_command: function (orig_cmd) {$\)#\1orig_cmd();},orig_checked_command:function(orig_cmd){#'

	sudo sed \
	-i.orig /usr/share/javascript/proxmox-widget-toolkit/proxmoxlib.min.js \
	-e 's#\(checked_command:function(a){\)\(Proxmox.Utils.API2Request\)#\1a();},orig_checked_command:function(a){\2#'

	# recompress pictures inside pdf
	gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress -q -o out.pdf in.pdf

	https://gist.github.com/CyberShadow/6412d11aea64144f8905cc0b8196f38e

	$ xdotool key XF86LogGrabInfo

	/var/log/Xorg.0.log:
	```
	[146599.664] (II) Printing all currently active device grabs:
	[146599.664] Active grab 0x42a001f7 (core) on device 'Virtual core pointer' (2):
	[146599.664] client pid 91115 /usr/lib/virtualbox/VirtualBoxVM --comment wintpc-2 --startvm {0d02dc3f-7a59-47a8-b72d-6a4ab49ff93d}
	[146599.664] at 146394073 (from passive grab) (device frozen, state 6)

William Poetra Yoga wpyoga

Quick summary

1) Fundamental technology and how they switch

Executive Summary

Detailed Technical Comparison