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Quick summary

• IGBTs are the modern default for most motor/inverter/drive applications: faster switching, simpler gate drive, higher switching frequency capability, easier paralleling and better overall efficiency at typical inverter frequencies.
• GTOs (GTRs) are older high-power devices that can carry large currents and block high voltages, but require complex gate drives, large snubber networks, and run at much lower switching frequencies. They were common in traction/HVDC historically but have largely been replaced by IGBTs (and now SiC) in new designs.

1) Fundamental technology and how they switch

GTO (Gate Turn-Off Thyristor / sometimes called GTR in older texts):

• Thyristor family device: a four-layer (p-n-p-n) semiconductor that latches on when forward current flows.

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Here is a detailed technical comparison between IGBT-based and GTR-based drives.

Executive Summary

The IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) drive is a superior technology in every significant aspect compared to the obsolete GTR (Giant Transistor) drive. For 24/7 continuous operation, IGBT drives are unequivocally more durable, stable, and efficient. GTR drives have been completely phased out of new equipment since the late 1990s.

---

Detailed Technical Comparison

wpyoga

https://gist.github.com/CyberShadow/6412d11aea64144f8905cc0b8196f38e

$ xdotool key XF86LogGrabInfo

/var/log/Xorg.0.log:
```
[146599.664] (II) Printing all currently active device grabs:
[146599.664] Active grab 0x42a001f7 (core) on device 'Virtual core pointer' (2):
[146599.664]       client pid 91115 /usr/lib/virtualbox/VirtualBoxVM --comment wintpc-2 --startvm {0d02dc3f-7a59-47a8-b72d-6a4ab49ff93d}
[146599.664]       at 146394073 (from passive grab) (device frozen, state 6)

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sudo dnsmasq -kd -i enp0s31f6 -F 10.1.5.10,10.1.5.20 -K

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Old links don't work anymore:

https://software-download.microsoft.com/download/pr/***

Convert to new links:

https://software-static.download.prss.microsoft.com/pr/download/***

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editorconfig

.editorconfig

root = true

[*]
charset = utf-8
insert_final_newline = true
end_of_line = lf

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git init my-cdk-app
cd my-cdk-app
npx cdk@latest init app --language typescript

This will:
1. initialize an empty git repository
1. initialize a new cdk app using the latest CDK version

Note that there is no initial commit created if we initialize the repo this way.

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connect iphone to pc

dmesg
get the serial number

```
usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 4 using xhci_hcd
usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=05ac, idProduct=12a8, bcdDevice=10.06
usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
usb 1-1: Product: iPhone

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macos ventura 13.4 on hackintosh vm
ios 16.4 on iphone x


on vm host

make udev rule file /etc/udev/rules.d/39-usbmuxd.rules:
# filename is chosen to overwrite /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/39-usbmuxd.rules
# see RULES FILES section in udev(7)
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="usb_device", ENV{PRODUCT}=="5ac/12[9a][0-9a-f]/*|5ac/8600/*", MODE="0666", TAG+="systemd"

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https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/devices/usb.html

no need to use port number if only one xhci controller is connected
$ qemu -device qemu-xhci

(qemu) device_add usb-tablet,bus=usb-bus.0,port=1,id=my-tablet
(qemu) device_del my-tablet

(qemu) device_add driver,
  vendorid=<hexnr> -- Specifies the vendor ID of the device.