A mysql & mariadb server helper (use downloaded generic binary package). You can run multi instances on one server, each instance uses their own data & log directory.

mysql-ctl.sh

#!/bin/bash

# how it works:
#
# put mysql.cnf and mysql.env in a directory for an instance, cd to this directory, run `mysql-ctl.sh ...`
# or run `MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT=the_directory mysql-ctl.sh ...`
#
#     mysql.cnf keeps all configurations except directory-related things (eg: do not set data or log dir in mysql.cnf)
#               the mysql.cnf and directory-related configs will be automatically merged into the MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL file
#
#     mysql.env contains MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT variable, which points to your mysql installation directory ($MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/bin/mysql and $MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/share should exists)
#
# then you can use mysql-ctl.sh to start/stop the instance, or use `mysql-ctl.sh client` to run mysql client cli, etc.
# currently support commands: {start|stop|restart|status|client|admin|dump}
# and intergated with systemd: service {install|start|stop|status|...}

test "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT" == "" && MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT='.'
MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT=$(realpath "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT")

if [[ ! -f "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/mysql.cnf" ]]; then
    echo "Invalid MySQL instance root: MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT='$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT'. No 'mysql.cnf' found."
    exit 1
fi

if [[ ! -f "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/mysql.env" ]]; then
    echo "Can not find '$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/mysql.env'."
    exit 1
fi

source "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/mysql.env"

test ! -f "$MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/bin/mysqld_safe" && { echo "Can not find bin/mysqld_safe"; exit 1; }
test ! -f "$MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/bin/mysql" && { echo "Can not find bin/mysql"; exit 1; }

MYSQL_TYPE=mysql
test -f "$MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/bin/mariadb" && MYSQL_TYPE=mariadb

MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL="$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/.my.cnf"
MYSQL_INSTANCE_NAME=$(basename "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT")
MYSQL_SERVICE_NAME="fv-${MYSQL_TYPE}-${MYSQL_INSTANCE_NAME}"

FV_CTL_SCRIPT=$(realpath "$0")

prepare() {
    if [[ -f /etc/debian_version ]]; then
        dpkg -l libaio1 > /dev/null && has_aio=y
        dpkg -l libnuma1 > /dev/null && has_numa=y

        if [[ "$has_aio" != 'y' || "$has_numa" != 'y' ]]; then
            echo "Installing libaio and libnuma ..."
            apt update
            apt install -y libaio1 libnuma1

            # FIXME: mysql cli needs ncurses
            apt install -y libncurses5
        fi
    fi

    if [[ -f /etc/redhat-release ]]; then
        test -f /usr/lib64/libaio.so.1 && has_aio=y
        test -f /usr/lib64/libnuma.so.1 && has_numa=y
        if [[ "$has_aio" != 'y' || "$has_numa" != 'y' ]]; then
            yum install libaio numactl
        fi
    fi

    id -g mysql > /dev/null || (echo "Add group mysql ..."; groupadd mysql)
    id -u mysql > /dev/null || (echo "Add user mysql ..."; useradd -r -g mysql mysql)
}

find_mysqld_pid() {
    pgrep -f "$MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/bin/(mysqld|mariadbd) .*=$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT"
}

start() {
    cmd="$1"
    pid=$(find_mysqld_pid)
    if [[ "$pid" != "" ]]; then
        echo "Already started: pid=$pid"
        exit 0
    fi

    echo "MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT=$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT"
    echo "MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT=$MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT"

    prepare
    mkdir -p "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/tmp"
    mkdir -p "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/log"
    mkdir -p "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/run"
    mkdir -p "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/binlog"
    find "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT" -not -user mysql -exec chown mysql:mysql "{}" \;

    cp "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/mysql.cnf" "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL"

    mysqld_socket="$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/run/mysqld.sock"

    sed '/^[[]mysqld[]]$/r'<(
        cat << EOL
basedir         = $MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT
lc-messages-dir = $MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/share

pid-file        = $MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/run/mysqld.pid
socket          = $mysqld_socket

datadir                 = $MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/data
log-error               = $MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/log/mysqld.err
slow-query-log-file     = $MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/log/slow.log
general_log_file        = $MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/log/query.log
log_bin                 = $MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/binlog/mysql-bin.log
tmpdir                  = $MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/tmp
EOL
    ) -i -- "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL"

    if ! grep "^[[]client[]]" "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL" > /dev/null; then
        echo "[client]" >> "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL"
    fi

    sed '/^[[]client[]]$/r'<(
        cat << EOL
socket          = $mysqld_socket
EOL
    ) -i -- "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL"

    if [[ ! -d "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/data" ]]; then
        echo "No data directory found. Init first ..."

        mkdir -p "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/data"
        chown mysql:mysql "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/data"
        if [[ "$MYSQL_TYPE" == "mariadb" ]]; then
            echo "MariaDB: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/mysql_install_db/"
            echo "$MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file='$MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL'"
            "$MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/scripts/mysql_install_db" --defaults-file="$MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL"
        else
            echo "MySQL: (>=5.7) https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/data-directory-initialization.html"
            echo "$MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/bin/mysqld --defaults-file='$MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL' --initialize-insecure"
            "$MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/bin/mysqld" --defaults-file="$MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL" --initialize-insecure
        fi
        ret="$?"
        if [[ "$ret" != "0" ]]; then
            echo "Failed to init database"
            exit 1
        fi
    fi

    if [[ "$cmd" == "start" || "$cmd" == "" ]]; then
        echo -n "Starting mysqld as daemon ."
        "$MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/bin/mysqld_safe" --defaults-file="$MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL" &
    elif [[ "$cmd" == "serve" ]]; then
        echo "Starting mysqld to serve ..."
        exec "$MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/bin/mysqld_safe" --defaults-file="$MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL"
    else
        echo "unknown start option: $1"
        exit 1
    fi

    result=''
    for ((i=0;i<30;i++)); do
        sleep 1
        if [[ -e "$mysqld_socket" ]]; then
            result="done"
            break
        fi

        pid=$(find_mysqld_pid)
        if [[ "$pid" == "" && "$i" -ge 5 ]]; then
            result="failed"
            break
        fi
        echo -n "."
    done

    echo " ${result}."
}

stop() {
    pid=$(find_mysqld_pid)

    if [[ "$pid" == "" ]]; then
        echo "No mysqld to kill."
        return
    fi

    echo -n "Killing mysqld pid=$pid ."
    kill "$pid"

    while true; do
        pid=$(find_mysqld_pid)
        if [[ "$pid" == "" ]]; then
            echo " done."
            break
        fi
        echo -n "."
        sleep 1
    done
}

status() {
    pid=$(find_mysqld_pid)
    if [[ "$pid" != "" ]]; then
        echo "running. pid=$pid"
    else
        echo "stopped"
    fi
}

client() {
    shift
    exec "$MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/bin/mysql" --defaults-file="$MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL" "$@"
}

admin() {
    shift
    exec "$MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/bin/mysqladmin" --defaults-file="$MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL" "$@"
}

dump() {
    shift
    exec "$MYSQL_PACKAGE_ROOT/bin/mysqldump" --defaults-file="$MYSQL_INSTANCE_CONFIG_FINAL" "$@"
}

service_install() {
    suc_local="$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT/service/$MYSQL_SERVICE_NAME.service"
    mkdir -p "$(dirname "$suc_local")"
    systemctl disable "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT"/service/*.service 2>/dev/null
    rm "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT"/service/*.service 2>/dev/null
    cat <<EOT > "$suc_local"
[Unit]
Description=FV Database $MYSQL_TYPE $MYSQL_INSTANCE_NAME
After=network.target
# TODO: "Before=bar.service" means this before "bar.service"

[Service]
Type=simple
Restart=no
User=root
Environment="MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT=${MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT}"
ExecStart="$FV_CTL_SCRIPT" serve

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOT
    systemctl enable "$MYSQL_INSTANCE_ROOT"/service/*.service
    systemctl status "$MYSQL_SERVICE_NAME"
}

service_cmd() {
    if [[ "$1" == "install" ]]; then
        service_install
        return
    fi
    systemctl $1 $MYSQL_SERVICE_NAME
}

main() {
    case "$1" in
        start|serve)
            start "$@"
            ;;

        stop)
            stop
            ;;

        restart)
            stop
            start
            ;;

        status)
            status
            ;;

        client)
            client "$@"
            ;;

        admin)
            admin "$@"
            ;;

        dump)
            dump "$@"
            ;;
        service)
            shift
            service_cmd "$@"
            ;;
        *)
            echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status|client|admin|dump}"
            echo "   or: $0 service {install|start|restart|stop|status|...}"
            exit 1
            ;;
    esac
}

main "$@"