Python features to consider when upgrading the minimal version of a package by version

Python_features.md

Python features of interest

Python 3.15 (2026-10-01)

• UTF-8 default encoding: https://docs.python.org/3.15/whatsnew/3.15.html#other-language-changes

Python 3.14 (2025-10-07)

• t'hello {name}' (template strings): https://docs.python.org/3.14/whatsnew/3.14.html#pep-750-template-strings
• deferred evaluation of annotations: https://docs.python.org/3.14/whatsnew/3.14.html#pep-649-and-749-deferred-evaluation-of-annotations
• except ..., ...:: https://docs.python.org/3.14/whatsnew/3.14.html#pep-758-allow-except-and-except-expressions-without-parentheses
• map(..., ..., strict=True): https://docs.python.org/3.14/library/functions.html#map
• functools.partial(..., functools.Placeholder): https://docs.python.org/3.14/library/functools.html#functools.partial
• pathlib.Path().copy(): https://docs.python.org/3.14/library/pathlib.html#copying-moving-and-deleting
• pathlib.Path().info: https://docs.python.org/3.14/library/pathlib.html#pathlib.Path.info
• datetime.time.strptime() and datetime.date.strptime(): https://docs.python.org/3.14/library/datetime.html#datetime.date.strptime
• uuid.uuid7(): https://docs.python.org/3.14/library/uuid.html#uuid.uuid7
• from compresion import zstd: https://docs.python.org/3.14/whatsnew/3.14.html#whatsnew314-pep784
• io.Reader[...] and io.Writer[...]: https://docs.python.org/3.14/library/io.html#static-typing

Python 3.13 (2024-10-07)

• @warnings.deprecated(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/warnings.html#warnings.deprecated
• copy.replace(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/copy.html#copy.replace
• itertools.batched(..., strict=True): https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html#itertools.batched
• types.SimpleNamespace(mapping_or_iterable): https://docs.python.org/3/library/types.html#types.SimpleNamespace
• typing.ReadOnly: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.ReadOnly
• typing.TypeIs: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.TypeIs

Python 3.12 (2023-10-02)

• f'This is the playlist: {', '.join(songs)}': https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.12.html#whatsnew312-pep701
• itertools.batched(...): https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html#itertools.batched
• pathlib.Path().walk(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html#pathlib.Path.walk
• type Alias = ...: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#type-aliases
• class list[T]:: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.12.html#pep-695-type-parameter-syntax
• @typing.override: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.12.html#pep-698-override-decorator-for-static-typing

Python 3.11 (2022-10-24)

• datetime.UTC: https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#datetime.UTC
• operator.call(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/operator.html#operator.call
• with contextlib.chdir():: https://docs.python.org/3/library/contextlib.html#contextlib.chdir
• pathlib.Path().glob('.../') (for directories only) https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.11.html#pathlib
• (?>...) and *+ (re atomic grouping and posessive quantifiers): https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#regular-expression-syntax
• import tomllib: https://docs.python.org/3/library/tomllib.html#module-tomllib
• hashlib.file_digest((): https://docs.python.org/3/library/hashlib.html#hashlib.file_digest
• typing.Self: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Self
• typing.LiteralString: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.LiteralString

Python 3.10 (2021-10-04)

• match ... case (structural pattern matching): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html#pep-634-structural-pattern-matching
• str | None: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html#pep-604-new-type-union-operator
• with ():: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html#parenthesized-context-managers
• zip(strict=True): https://peps.python.org/pep-0618
• int.bit_count()https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
• @dataclasses.dataclass(slots=..., kw_only=...): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html#dataclasses
• itertools.pairwise(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html#itertools.pairwise
• pprint.pprint(underscore_number=True): https://docs.python.org/3/library/pprint.html#pprint.pp
• typing.TypeAlias: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.TypeAlias
• typing.TypeGuard[...]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.TypeGuard
• typing.ParamSpec: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.ParamSpec
• setup.py -> pyproject.toml and build https://blog.ganssle.io/articles/2021/10/setup-py-deprecated.html

Python 3.9 (2020-10-05 to 2025-10)

• {} | {} (dict merge/update operators): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.9.html#dictionary-merge-update-operators
• str.removeprefix() and str.removeuffix(): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.9.html#new-string-methods-to-remove-prefixes-and-suffixes
• @functools.cache: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.cache
• pathlib.Path().with_stem(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html#pathlib.PurePath.with_stem
• pathlib.Path().readlink(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html#pathlib.Path.readlink
• import zoneinfo: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.9.html#zoneinfo
• graphlib.TopologicalSorter: https://docs.python.org/3/library/graphlib.html#graphlib.TopologicalSorter
• collections.abc and list[str] for typing: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.9.html#type-hinting-generics-in-standard-collections
• {distribution}-{version}.tar.gz: https://peps.python.org/pep-0625

Python 3.8 (2019-10-14 to 2024-10-07)

• f'{spam=}' (self-documenting f-strings): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.8.html#f-strings-support-for-self-documenting-expressions-and-debugging
• (ma := re.match()) is None (assignment expressions): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.8.html#assignment-expressions
• def spam(eggs, /): (positional-only parameters): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.8.html#positional-only-parameters
• reversed(dict()): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.8.html#other-language-changes
• @functools.cached_property: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.cached_property
• pprint.pp(sort_dicts=False): https://docs.python.org/3/library/pprint.html#pprint.pp
• re.compile(r'\N{...}') (name escapes): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.8.html#other-language-changes
• unittest.mock.Mock.call_args.args and .kwargs: https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.mock.html#unittest.mock.Mock.call_args
• typing.Protocol: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol
• typing.SupportsIndex: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.SupportsIndex
• typing.TypedDict: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.TypedDict
• typing.Final[...]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Final
• typing.Literal[...]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Literal

Python 3.7 (2018-06-27 to 2023-06-27)

• order-preserving dict official: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.7.html
• breakpoint(): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-553-built-in-breakpoint
• @dataclasses.dataclass: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.7.html#dataclasses
• time.time_ns() and time.monotonic_ns(): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-564-new-time-functions-with-nanosecond-resolution
• from __future__ import annotations: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.7.html#pep-563-postponed-evaluation-of-annotations
• collections.namedtuple(defaults=...): https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.namedtuple
• contextlib.nullcontext(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/contextlib.html#contextlib.nullcontext
• datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#datetime.datetime.fromisoformat
• subprocess.run(capture_output=True): https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.run

Python 3.6 (2016-12-23 to 2021-12-23)

• f'{spam}' (f-strings): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-498-formatted-string-literals
• order-preserving dict: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.6.html#new-dict-implementation
• 1_000_000 underscore in numeric literals: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-515-underscores-in-numeric-literals
• type.__init_subclass__(): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-487-simpler-customization-of-class-creation
• os.PathLike[...] and os.fspath()`: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-519-adding-a-file-system-path-protocol
• re.Match[...]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#re.Match.__getitem__
• collections.namedtuple(module=...): https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.namedtuple
• datetime.datetime.isoformat(timespec='seconds'): https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#datetime.datetime.isoformat
• import secrets: https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html
• typing.NoReturn: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.NoReturn

Python 3.5 (2015-09-13 to 2020-09-30)

• x @ m https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-465-a-dedicated-infix-operator-for-matrix-multiplication
• extended unpacking: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#pep-448-additional-unpacking-generalizations
• collections.OrderedDict implemented in C: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#whatsnew-ordereddict
• subprocess.run(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.run
• os.scandir(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.scandir
• pathlib.Path().expanduser: https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html#pathlib.Path.expanduser
• pathlib.Path().read_text() and pathlib.Path().write_text(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html#pathlib.Path.read_text
• import typing: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html and https://peps.python.org/pep-0484
• @typing.overload: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.overload
• typing.TypeVar: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.TypeVar
• typing.ClassVar: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.ClassVar
• typing.NewType: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.NewType
• typing.NamedTuple: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.NamedTuple

Python 3.4 (2014-03-16 to 2019-03-18)

• import enum: https://docs.python.org/3/library/enum.html
• import pathlib: https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html
• @singledispatch: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.singledispatch
• functools.partialmethod(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.partialmethod
• abc.ABC: https://docs.python.org/3/library/abc.html#abc.ABC
• with contextlib.redirect_stdout(...):: https://docs.python.org/3/library/contextlib.html#contextlib.redirect_stdout
• re.fullmatch(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#re.fullmatch
• import statistics: https://docs.python.org/3/library/statistics.html#module-statistics

Python 3.3 (2012-09-29 to 2017-09-29)

• yield from (delegation): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-380-syntax-for-delegating-to-a-subgenerator
• raise ... from None: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.3.html#pep-409-suppressing-exception-context
• list.copy() and list.clear(): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.3.html#other-language-changes
• open(..., mode='x') (create only): https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#open
• types.new_class(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/types.html#types.new_class
• collections.ChainMap: https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.ChainMap
• subprocess.DEVNULL: https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.DEVNULL
• from unittest import mock: https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.mock.html

Python 3.2 (2011-02-20 to 2016-02-20)

• @functools.lru_cache: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.lru_cache
• @functools.wraps(...): https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.wraps
• with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.2.html#tempfile
• with mmap.mmap(...): and others: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.2.html#new-improved-and-deprecated-modules

Python 3.1 (2009-06-27 to 2012-04-09)

• format(1000, ',d'): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.1.html#pep-378-format-specifier-for-thousands-separator
• collections.OrderedDict: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.1.html#pep-372-ordered-dictionaries
• collections.Counter: https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.Counter

Python 3.0 (2008-12-03 to 2009-06-27)

• print()-function: https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.0.html#print-is-a-function
• def spam(*, ...): (keyword-only parameters): https://peps.python.org/pep-3102
• *rest, a = stuff (extended iterable unpacking): https://peps.python.org/pep-3132
• 1 / 2 == 0.5 and 1 // 2 == 0: (true and floor division): https://peps.python.org/pep-0238/
• bare super(): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.0.html#builtins
• import abc: https://docs.python.org/3/library/abc.html#module-abc
• removed file alias for open(): https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.0.html#builtins