A bash script for recursively finding and replacing text in files while respecting directory exclusions. Specially optimized for macOS with UTF-8 support.

script.sh

#!/bin/bash
# 遞迴搜尋並取代字串，支援預設排除目錄與預覽模式
# 使用方式: ./script.sh [-p|--preview] "要尋找的字串" "要替換的字串"

# 預設排除的目錄清單
DEFAULT_EXCLUDES=(
    "node_modules"
    ".git"
    ".next"
    "dist"
    "build"
    ".cache"
    ".terraform"
    "coverage"
    ".DS_Store"
    ".idea"
    ".vscode"
    "__pycache__"
    "vendor"
    "tmp"
    ".npm"
    "logs"
)

# ANSI 顏色碼
BLUE='\033[0;34m'
CYAN='\033[0;36m'
RED='\033[0;31m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color

# 初始化預覽模式標記
PREVIEW_MODE=0

# 設定 UTF-8 編碼環境
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8

# 檢測作業系統型別並設定適當的 sed 命令
if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
    # macOS (BSD) sed
    SED_CMD="sed -i ''"
else
    # GNU sed
    SED_CMD="sed -i"
fi

# 解析命令列引數
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
    case $1 in
        -p|--preview)
            PREVIEW_MODE=1
            shift
            ;;
        *)
            if [ -z "$FIND" ]; then
                FIND="$1"
            elif [ -z "$REPLACE" ]; then
                REPLACE="$1"
            fi
            shift
            ;;
    esac
done

# 檢查必要引數
if [ -z "$FIND" ] || [ -z "$REPLACE" ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 [-p|--preview] [find string] [replace string]"
    echo "Options:"
    echo "  -p, --preview    Preview files that would be modified without making changes"
    exit 1
fi

# 構建 find 命令的排除路徑引數
EXCLUDE_PARAMS=""
for dir in "${DEFAULT_EXCLUDES[@]}"; do
    EXCLUDE_PARAMS="$EXCLUDE_PARAMS -not -path '*/$dir/*'"
done

# 預覽受影響的檔案與內容
preview_changes() {
    local file="$1"
    # 計算檔案中匹配的次數
    local count=$(grep -c "$FIND" "$file")
    
    echo -e "${BLUE}=== 檢查檔案: $file ${YELLOW}(找到 $count 處比對符合)${NC} ===${NC}"
    
    # 使用 grep 顯示比對符合的行及其上下文（每個比對符合顯示前後 1 行）
    # -n 選項新增行號
    grep -n -C 1 --color=always "$FIND" "$file"
    echo -e "${BLUE}----------------------------------------${NC}\n"
}

if [ $PREVIEW_MODE -eq 1 ]; then
    echo -e "${CYAN}預覽模式: 將會影響以下檔案 (不會實際修改)${NC}"
    echo -e "${CYAN}要搜尋的字串: '$FIND'${NC}"
    echo -e "${CYAN}要替換成: '$REPLACE'${NC}"
    echo -e "${BLUE}==========================================${NC}\n"
    
    # 找出所有包含目標字串的檔案並顯示預覽
    AFFECTED_FILES=$(eval "find . -type f $EXCLUDE_PARAMS -exec grep -l \"$FIND\" {} \;")
    
    if [ -z "$AFFECTED_FILES" ]; then
        echo -e "${CYAN}未找到任何包含目標字串的檔案${NC}"
    else
        # 對每個檔案顯示詳細預覽
        TOTAL_MATCHES=0
        while IFS= read -r file; do
            # 計算當前檔案的匹配數
            FILE_MATCHES=$(grep -c "$FIND" "$file")
            TOTAL_MATCHES=$((TOTAL_MATCHES + FILE_MATCHES))
            preview_changes "$file"
        done <<< "$AFFECTED_FILES"
        
        # 計算影響的檔案數量
        FILE_COUNT=$(echo "$AFFECTED_FILES" | wc -l)
        echo -e "${BLUE}==========================================${NC}"
        echo -e "${CYAN}總計 $FILE_COUNT 個檔案將受影響${NC}"
        echo -e "${CYAN}共找到 $TOTAL_MATCHES 處需要替換的文字${NC}"
    fi
else
    echo "執行替換作業..."
    # 針對 macOS 修改的替換命令
    if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
        eval "find . -type f $EXCLUDE_PARAMS -exec $SED_CMD \"s|${FIND}|${REPLACE}|g\" {} \;"
    else
        eval "find . -type f $EXCLUDE_PARAMS -exec $SED_CMD \"s|${FIND}|${REPLACE}|g\" {} \;"
    fi
    echo "替換作業完成"
fi

exit 0