There are multiple versions of msvcp140.dll. And they are not forward compatible.

msvcp140_dll_incompatible.cpp

// There are multiple versions of msvcp140.dll.
// If C++ program is compiled with newer version, it will not work with older
// version of msvcp140.dll.
//
// You can check file version with PS> (Get-Item msvcp140.dll).VersionInfo
//
// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/porting/binary-compat-2015-2017?view=msvc-170
// ```
// C++ binary compatibility between Visual Studio versions
// ...
// Restrictions on binary compatibility
//
// The Redistributable your app uses has a similar binary-compatibility
// restriction. When you mix binaries built by different supported versions of
// the toolset, the Redistributable version must be at least as new as the
// latest toolset used by any app component.
// ```
//
// The following program will crash when it run with msvcp140.dll older than it compiled with.
//
// For mutex, compile flag /D_DISABLE_CONSTEXPR_MUTEX_CONSTRUCTOR will fix the problem.
//
// https://github.com/microsoft/STL/issues/4730
#include <iostream>
#include <mutex>
std::mutex mtx;

void testmethod() {
        std::scoped_lock lock{ mtx };
        std::cout << "lock worked!\n";
}
int main()
{
    std::cout << "Start!\n";
    testmethod();
    std::cout << "End!\n";
}