run docker container as non container ubuntu. this is verified on ubuntu trusty.

build.sh

cp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ./
docker build -t trusty_with_ssh ./

Dockerfile

FROM ubuntu:trusty
MAINTAINER [email protected]

RUN apt-get install openssh-server -y

RUN useradd -d /home/ubuntu -m -s /bin/bash -U ubuntu
RUN adduser ubuntu sudo
RUN echo "ubuntu ALL=(root) NOPASSWD:ALL" > /etc/sudoers.d/ubuntu
RUN mkdir /home/ubuntu/.ssh
ADD id_rsa.pub /home/ubuntu/.ssh/authorized_keys
RUN chown -R ubuntu:ubuntu /home/ubuntu

run.sh

docker run -d trusty_with_ssh /sbin/init --startup-event=failsafe-boot