The case for Option[T]

gistfile1.txt

# Option[T] and safe navigation:
# Some languages have a specialized syntax for what is usually called "safe navigation"
foo?.bar[10]?.baz

# Option[T] could be implemented as a proxy type that rewrites any operation on it 
# as a operation applied to the stored value (if there is any)
# The original example then becomes:
Option(foo).bar[10].baz   # returns Option[type(baz)]

# Another point to note: proxy types used in this fashion are pretty much equivalent to Haskell's monads

# Option[T] and the HLO:
# One can write a rule similar to this:
template { if(x): body } (x: Option[T]) =
  if(x.hasValue):
    var x = x.value
    block: body
# Thus achieving both achiving both convenient syntax and perfect generated code
# Other similar clever tricks are possible with "symbol attached user properties" to implement the type state logic

# And finally, Option[T] is a meta-type (type describing additional properties of another type)
# using meta types is good because they encode the intention of the library writter and allow 
# algorithms similar to the above to be executed over the program as a whole.

For completeness, here is the other approach of optimizing Option[T] using "attached symbol properties" (cookies):
The if statement involving Option[T] is transformed to:

if x.hasValue:
   addScopedSymProp(x, "ProvenToHaveValue", true)
   body

then the proxy macro code in Option[T] detects the ProvenToHaveValue "cookie" and generates code without checks