http://ehmatthes.github.io/pcc/cheatsheets/README.html

cheatsheet.py

# Taken from https://github.com/ehmatthes/pcc/releases/download/v1.0.0/beginners_python_cheat_sheet_pcc_all.pdf

### TYPES

my_boolean = True
my_string = "Hello, world!"
my_integer = 10
my_long = 345L
my_float = 45.67
my_complex = 3.14J
my_list = [ 1, 2, 3 ]
my_dictionary = { "foo": "bar", "moo": 1 }
my_tuple = ( 1, 2, 3 )

### VARIABLES AND STRINGS
'''
	Variables are used to store values. A string is a series of
	characters, surrounded by single or double quotes.
'''

# Hello world
print( "Hello, world!" )

# Hello world with a variable
msg = "Hello, world!"
print( msg )

# Concatenation (combining strings)
first_name = "Albert"
last_name = "Einstein"
full_name = first_name + " " + last_name
print( full_name )

### LISTS
'''
	A list stores a series of items in a particular order. You
	access items using an index, or within a loop
'''

# Make a list
bikes = [ "trek", "redline", "giant" ]

# Get the first item in a list
first_bike = bikes[0]

# Get the last item in a list
last_bike = bikes[-1]

# Looping through a list
for bike in bikes:
	print( bike )

# Adding items to a list
bikes = []
bikes.append( "trek" )
bikes.append( "redline" )
bikes.append( "giant" )

# Making numerical lists
squares = []
for x in range( 1, 11 ):
	squares.append( x ** 2 )

# List comprehensions
squares = [ x ** 2 for x in range( 1, 11 ) ]

# Slicing a list
finishers = [ "sam", "bob", "ada", "bea" ]
first_two = finishers[0:2]

# Copying a list
copy_of_bikes = bikes[:]

### TUPLES
'''
	Tuples are similar to lists, but the items in a tuple can't be
	modified.
'''

# Making a tuple
dimensions = ( 1920, 1080 )

### IF STATEMENTS
'''
	If statements are used to test for particular conditions and
	respond appropriately.
'''

# Conditional tests
x == 42 # is x equal to 42?
x != 42 # is x not equal to 42?
x > 42  # is x greater than 42?
x >= 42 # is x greater than or equal to 42?
x < 42  # is x less than 42?
x <= 42 # is x less than or equal to 42?

# Conditional test with lists
"trek" in bikes # is trek in bikes?
"surly" not in bikes # is surly not in bikes?

# Assigning boolean values
game_active = True
can_edit = False

# A simple if test
age = 21
if age >= 18:
	print( "You can vote!" )

# if-elif-else statements
if age < 4:
	ticket_price = 0
elif age < 18:
	ticket_price = 10
else:
	ticket_price = 15

### DICTIONARIES
'''
	Dictionaries store connections between pieces of
	information. Each item in a dictionary is a key-value pair.
'''

# A simple dictionary
alien = {
	"color": "green",
	"points": 5
}

# Accessing a value
print( "The alien's color is " + alien["color"] )

# Adding a new key-value pair
alien["x_position"] = 0

# Looping through all key-value pairs
fav_numbers = { "eric": 17, "ever": 4 }
for name, number in fav_numbers.items( ):
	print( name + " loves " + str( number ) )

# Looping through all the keys
for name in fav_numbers.keys( ):
	print( name + " loves a number" )

# Looping through all the values
for number in fav_numbers.values( ):
	print( str( number ) + " is a favorite" )

### USER INPUT
'''
	Your programs can prompt the user for input. All input is
	stored as a string.
'''

# Prompting for a value
#name = input( "What's your name? " )
#print( "Hello, " + name + "!" )

# Prompting for numerical input
age = input( "How old are you? " )
age = int( age )

pi = input( "What's the value of pi? " )
pi = float( pi )

### WHILE LOOPS
'''
	A while loop repeats a block of code as long as a certain
	condition is true.
'''

# A simple while loop
current_value = 1
while current_value <= 5:
	print( current_value )
	current_value += 1

# Letting the user choose when to quit
msg = ""
while msg != "quit":
	msg = input( "What's your message? " )
	print( msg )

### FUNCTIONS
'''
	Functions are named blocks of code, designed to do one
	specific job. Information passed to a function is called an
	argument, and information received by a function is called a
	parameter.
'''

# A simple function
def greet_user( ):
	print( "Hello!" )
greet_user( )

# Passing an argument
def greet_user( username ):
	print( "Hello, " + username + "!" )
greet_user( "Zeaga" )

# Default values for parameters
def make_pizza ( topping = "bacon" ):
	print( "Make a " + topping + " pizza!" )
make_pizza( )
make_pizza( "pepperoni" )

# Returning a value
def add_numbers( x, y ):
	return x + y
sum = add_numbers( 3, 5 )
print( sum )

### CLASSES
'''
	A class defines the behavior of an object and the kind of
	information an object can store. The information in a class
	is stored in attributes, and functions that belong to a class
	are called methods. A child class inherits the attributes and
	methods from its parent class.
'''

# Creating a dog class
class Dog( object ):
	def __init__( self, name ):
		self.name = name
	def sit( self ):
		print( self.name + " is sitting." )

my_dog = Dog( "Gena" )
print( my_dog.name + " is a great dog!" )
my_dog.sit( )

# Inheritance
class SearchDog( Dog ):
	def __init__( self, name ):
		super( SearchDog, self ).__init__( name )
	def search( self ):
		print( self.name + " is searching." )

my_dog = SearchDog( "Kenaga" )
print( my_dog.name + " is a search dog." )
my_dog.sit( )
my_dog.search( )

### WORKING WITH FILES
'''
	Your programs can read from files and write to files. Files
	are opened in read mode ('r') by default, but can also be
	opened in write mode ('w') and append mode ('a').
'''

# Reading a file and storing its lines
filename = "siddhartha.txt"
with open( filename ) as file_object:
	lines = file_object.readlines( )
for line in lines:
	print( line )

# Writing to a file
filename = "journal.txt"
with open( filename, "w" ) as file_object:
	file_object.write( "I love Python" )

# Appending to a file
filename = "journal.txt"
with open( filename, "a" ) as file_object:
	file_object.write( "\nI love programming." )

### EXCEPTIONS
'''
	Exceptions help you respond appropriately to errors that
	are likely to occur. You place code that might cause an
	error in the try block. Code that should run in response to
	an error goes in the except block. Code that should run only
	if the try block was successful goes in the else block.
'''

# Catching an exception
prompt = "How many tickets do you need?"
num_tickets = input( prompt + " " )

try:
	num_tickets = int( num_tickets )
except ValueError:
	print( "Please try again." )
else:
	print( "Your tickets are printing." )

### INFINITE SKILLS
## If you had infinite programming skills, what would you build?
'''
	As you're learning to program, it's helpful to think
	about the real-world projects you'd like to create. It's
	a good habit to keep an "ideas" notebook that you
	can refer to whenever you want to start a new project.
	If you haven't done so already, take a few minutes
	and describe three projects you'd like to create.
'''

### ZEN OF PYTHON
## Simple is better than complex
'''
	If you have a choice between a simple and a complex
	solution, and both work, use the simple solution. Your
	code will be easier to maintain, and it will be easier
	for you and others to build on that code later on.
'''