from https://levelup.gitconnected.com/python-tricks-i-can-not-live-without-87ae6aff3af8

python-tricks.py

from pprint import pprint
import calendar
from enum import Enum, IntEnum, Flag, IntFlag

pp = pprint

# source: https://levelup.gitconnected.com/python-tricks-i-can-not-live-without-87ae6aff3af8

def sep() -> None:
    print("=======================================")

def sets_demo() -> list:
    myWord = "NanananananBatman"
    deduped = set(myWord) # {'N', 't', 'B', 'n', 'a', 'm'}
    return list(deduped)  # ['B', 't', 'm', 'a', 'n', 'N']

def sets_diff() -> set:
    """
    Set objects also support mathematical operations like:
    union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference.

    from python docs: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#sets

    ..  code-block:: python

        >>> a = set('abracadabra')
        >>> b = set('alacazam')
        >>> a                                  # unique letters in a
        {'a', 'r', 'b', 'c', 'd'}
        >>> a - b                              # letters in a but not in b
        {'r', 'd', 'b'}
        >>> a | b                              # letters in a or b or both
        {'a', 'c', 'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}
        >>> a & b                              # letters in both a and b
        {'a', 'c'}
        >>> a ^ b                              # letters in a or b but not both
        {'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}
    """
    permissions_original = {"is_admin", "can_post", "can_edit", "can_view"}
    permissions_new = {"is_member", "can_edit", "can_view", "can_edit_settings"}

    return permissions_original.difference(permissions_new)

    #return permissions_original, permissions_new

def month_find_last_day() -> tuple[int, int]:
    """
    calendar exposes lots of useful stuff re: … well, calendars.
    
    calendar.HTMLCalendar() returns a HTML calendar; should experiment with this.
    calendar.HTMLCalendar(firstweekday=0).formatyearpage(self, theyear, width=3, css='calendar.css', encoding=None) returns a full html page

    calendar.monthcalendar returns a matrix
    calendar.month(year, month) returns a calenar as a string
    """
    YEAR=2021
    MONTH=2
    
    return calendar.monthrange(YEAR, MONTH)

# python has enums!
# we can use Enum, IntEnum, Flag, or IntFlag
class StatusIntEnum(IntEnum):
    OPEN = 1
    IN_PROGRESS = 2
    CLOSED = 3

class Status(Enum):
    OPEN = "open"
    IN_PROGRESS = "in progress"
    CLOSED = "closed"

class StatusHandler():
    def handle_open(self) -> str:
        return "Handling open status"
    
    def handle_in_progress(self) -> str:
        return "Handling in-progress status"

    def handle_closed(self) -> str:
        return "Handle closed status"

    handlers = {
        StatusIntEnum.OPEN.value: handle_open,
        StatusIntEnum.IN_PROGRESS.value: handle_in_progress,
        StatusIntEnum.CLOSED.value: handle_closed,
        Status.OPEN.value: handle_open,
        Status.IN_PROGRESS.value: handle_in_progress,
        Status.CLOSED.value: handle_closed,
    }

    def handle_status_change(self, status) -> str:
        if status not in self.handlers:
            raise Exception(f"No handlers found for status: {status}")
        handler = self.handlers.get(status)
        return handler(self)

def change_status():
    handler = StatusHandler()
    print("Status:")
    for i in Status:
        status = handler.handle_status_change(i.value)
        print(f"\t{i.name}: {status}")
    
    print("StatusIntEnums:")
    for i in StatusIntEnum:
        status = handler.handle_status_change(i.value)
        print(f"\t{i.name}: {status}")
    



if __name__ == "__main__":
    pp("harro")
    sep()
    pp(sets_demo())
    sep()
    pp(sets_diff())
    sep()
    pp(month_find_last_day())
    sep()
    change_status()