shutdown guest OS
show disk info
VBoxManage showhdinfo ~/VirtualBox\ VMs/Ubuntu/Ubuntu.vdi
extend disk size
VBoxManage modifymedium ~/VirtualBox\ VMs/Ubuntu/Ubuntu.vdi --resizebyte 21474836480
# 21474836480 (20G) = 20 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024
login guest os*
sudo growpart /dev/sda 3
show lvm info, then get logic volumn
sudo lvdisplay # my logic volumn is: /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
extend logic volumn
sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
extend file system
sudo resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
check resized file system
df -hT