Stupid driver

README.md

Rust is faster than {C,C++,You name it}

The benchmark itself is slow, actual difference in performance is much higher.

$ make benchmark
...
/usr/bin/clang++ --version
clang version 12.0.1
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin

/usr/bin/clang --version
clang version 12.0.1
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin

rustc --version
rustc 1.54.0 (a178d0322 2021-07-26)
...
hyperfine \
	'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c.so' \
	'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c-fast.so' \
	'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-cpp.so' \
	'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-rs.so'
Benchmark #1: benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c.so
  Time (mean ± σ):      1.417 s ±  0.015 s    [User: 1.415 s, System: 0.002 s]
  Range (min … max):    1.395 s …  1.452 s    10 runs
 
Benchmark #2: benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c-fast.so
  Time (mean ± σ):     343.1 ms ±  19.8 ms    [User: 340.3 ms, System: 2.9 ms]
  Range (min … max):   321.7 ms … 376.5 ms    10 runs
 
Benchmark #3: benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-cpp.so
  Time (mean ± σ):     308.0 ms ±  15.3 ms    [User: 307.5 ms, System: 0.9 ms]
  Range (min … max):   290.5 ms … 338.2 ms    10 runs
 
Benchmark #4: benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-rs.so
  Time (mean ± σ):      1.249 s ±  0.026 s    [User: 1.249 s, System: 0.001 s]
  Range (min … max):    1.206 s …  1.276 s    10 runs
 
Summary
  'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-cpp.so' ran
    1.11 ± 0.08 times faster than 'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c-fast.so'
    4.06 ± 0.22 times faster than 'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-rs.so'
    4.60 ± 0.23 times faster than 'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c.so'

Building

Run make fold_dirs before build (gist does not support directories)

benchmark%Cargo.lock

# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
# It is not intended for manual editing.
version = 3

[[package]]
name = "benchmark"
version = "0.1.0"
dependencies = [
 "libloading",
]

[[package]]
name = "cfg-if"
version = "1.0.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"

[[package]]
name = "libloading"
version = "0.7.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "6f84d96438c15fcd6c3f244c8fce01d1e2b9c6b5623e9c711dc9286d8fc92d6a"
dependencies = [
 "cfg-if",
 "winapi",
]

[[package]]
name = "winapi"
version = "0.3.9"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "5c839a674fcd7a98952e593242ea400abe93992746761e38641405d28b00f419"
dependencies = [
 "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
 "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
]

[[package]]
name = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu"
version = "0.4.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"

[[package]]
name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
version = "0.4.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"

benchmark%Cargo.toml

[package]
name = "benchmark"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2018"

# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

[dependencies]
libloading = "0.7.0"

benchmark%src%main.rs

use libloading::{Library, Symbol};

#[derive(Debug)]
#[repr(C)]
struct Data {
    port: [i8; 20],
    status: i32,
    value: [i8; 256],
}

type GetBulk = fn() -> i32;
type GetNextResult = fn() -> &'static Data;

fn benchmark(library_path: &str, iterations: u64) {
    let lib = unsafe { Library::new(library_path) }.unwrap();
    let get_bulk: Symbol<GetBulk> = unsafe { lib.get(b"get_bulk") }.unwrap();
    let get_next_result: Symbol<GetNextResult> = unsafe { lib.get(b"get_next_result") }.unwrap();
    let free_result: Symbol<fn()> = unsafe { lib.get(b"free_result") }.unwrap();
    let start = std::time::Instant::now();
    for _ in 0..iterations {
        let count = get_bulk();
        assert_eq!(count, 100);
        for x in 0..count {
            let data = get_next_result();
            let port = unsafe { std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(data.port.as_ptr()) }
                .to_str()
                .unwrap();
            let value = unsafe { std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(data.value.as_ptr()) }
                .to_str()
                .unwrap();
            assert_eq!(data.status, x);
            debug_assert_eq!(port, format!("PORT {}", x + 1));
            debug_assert_eq!(value, format!("VALUE FOR {}", x + 1));
        }
        free_result();
    }
    let spent = start.elapsed();
    println!(
        "{}: {} ({} iters/s)",
        library_path.rsplit("/").next().unwrap(),
        spent.as_secs_f64(),
        (iterations as f64 / spent.as_secs_f64()) as u64
    );
}

fn main() {
    for path in std::env::args().skip(1) {
        benchmark(&path, 100000);
    }
}

driver-fast.c

#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct Data {
  char port[20];
  int status;
  char value[256];
};

struct Data *Result;
int current_result = 0;

static int itoa(int val, char* buf) {
    const unsigned int radix = 10;

    char* p;
    unsigned int a;        //every digit
    int len;
    char* b;            //start of the digit char
    char temp;
    unsigned int u;

    p = buf;

    if (val < 0) {
        *p++ = '-';
        val = 0 - val;
    }
    u = (unsigned int)val;

    b = p;

    do {
        a = u % radix;
        u /= radix;

        *p++ = a + '0';
    } while (u > 0);

    len = (int)(p - buf);

    *p-- = 0;

    //swap
    do {
        temp = *p;
        *p = *b;
        *b = temp;
        --p;
        ++b;
    } while (b < p);

    return len;
}

static void fill_buf_impl(char* buf, char* prefix, size_t prefix_len, int value) {
    memcpy(buf, prefix, prefix_len);
    int len = itoa(value, buf + prefix_len);
    buf[prefix_len + len] = '\0';
}

#define fill_buf(buf, str, value) fill_buf_impl(buf, str, sizeof(str) - 1, value);

int get_bulk() {
  int n = 100;
  Result = malloc(n * sizeof(struct Data));
  
  for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
    int i_label = i + 1;
    fill_buf(Result[i].port, "PORT ", i_label);
    Result[i].status = i;
    fill_buf(Result[i].value, "VALUE FOR ", i_label);
  }
  return n;
}

struct Data *get_next_result() {
  return &Result[current_result++];
}

void free_result() {
  free(Result);
  current_result = 0;
}

driver.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct Data {
  char port[20];
  int status;
  char value[256];
};

struct Data *Result;
int current_result = 0;

int get_bulk() {
  int n = 100;
  Result = malloc(n * sizeof(struct Data));
  for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
    int i_label = i + 1;
    sprintf(Result[i].port, "PORT %u", i_label);
    Result[i].status = i;
    sprintf(Result[i].value, "VALUE FOR %u", i_label);
  }
  return n;
}

struct Data *get_next_result() {
  return &Result[current_result++];
}

void free_result() {
  free(Result);
  current_result = 0;
}

driver.cpp

#include <charconv>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cassert>

namespace {

struct Data {
    char port[20];
    int status;
    char value[256];
};

struct Data *Result = nullptr;
int current_result = 0;

template <size_t N, size_t M>
size_t format_prefix(char (&buf)[N], const char (&prefix)[M], int value) {
    constexpr size_t kPrefixSizeWithoutNul = M - 1;
    std::memcpy(buf, prefix, kPrefixSizeWithoutNul);
    auto [ptr, errc] = std::to_chars(buf + kPrefixSizeWithoutNul, buf + N, value);
    assert(errc == std::errc{});
    *ptr++ = '\0';
    return ptr - buf;
}

} // namespace 

extern "C" int get_bulk() {
    int n = 100;
    Result = (Data*)std::malloc(sizeof(Data) * n);

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int i_label = i + 1;

        Result[i].status = i;
        format_prefix(Result[i].port, "PORT ", i_label);
        format_prefix(Result[i].value, "VALUE FOR ", i_label);
    }
    return n;
}

extern "C" Data *get_next_result() {
    return &Result[current_result++];
}

extern "C" void free_result() {
    std::free(Result);
    current_result = 0;
}

driver_rs%Cargo.lock

# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
# It is not intended for manual editing.
version = 3

[[package]]
name = "driver_rs"
version = "0.1.0"

driver_rs%Cargo.toml

[package]
name = "driver_rs"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2018"

[lib]
crate-type = ["cdylib"]
bench = false

# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

[dependencies]

driver_rs%src%lib.rs

/* build with
    cargo build --release
    */
type PortName = [i8; 20];
type StateStatus = i32;
type StateValue = [i8; 256];

#[derive(Debug)]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct Data {
    port: PortName,
    status: StateStatus,
    value: StateValue,
}

impl Data {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            port: [0; 20],
            status: -0xff,
            value: [0; 256],
        }
    }
}

struct DataResult {
    data: Vec<Data>,
    current: usize,
}

impl DataResult {
    unsafe fn get_next(&mut self) -> &Data {
        match self.data.get(self.current) {
            Some(v) => {
                self.current += 1;
                v
            }
            None => panic!("Result overflow"),
        }
    }

    fn clear(&mut self) {
        self.data.clear();
        self.current = 0;
    }
}

fn fill_c_string(s: &str, buf: &mut [i8]) {
    let b = s.as_bytes();
    if b.len() > buf.len() - 1 {
        panic!("string overflow");
    } else {
        for i in 0..b.len() {
            buf[i] = b[i] as i8;
        }
        buf[b.len()] = 0;
    }
}

static mut D: DataResult = DataResult {
    data: Vec::new(),
    current: 0,
};

#[no_mangle]
pub unsafe fn get_bulk() -> i32 {
    let n = 100;
    D.clear();
    for i in 0..n {
        let i_label = i + 1;
        let mut d = Data::new();
        d.status = i;
        fill_c_string(&format!("PORT {}", i_label), &mut d.port);
        fill_c_string(&format!("VALUE FOR {}", i_label), &mut d.value);
        D.data.push(d);
    }
    n
}

#[no_mangle]
pub unsafe fn get_next_result<'a>() -> &'a Data {
    D.get_next()
}

#[no_mangle]
pub unsafe fn free_result() {
    D.clear();
}

gistify.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

case $1 in
    pack)
        PACKED=`echo $2 | sed -s 's@/@%@g'`
        mv $2 $PACKED
    ;;
    unpack)
        UNPACKED=`echo $2 | sed -s 's@%@/@g'`
        mkdir -p `dirname $UNPACKED`
        mv $2 $UNPACKED
    ;;
esac

Makefile

flatten_dirs:
	find . -type f -wholename '*/*' -not -path './.git/*' | sed 's@^\./@@g' | grep / | xargs -n1 ./gistify.sh pack

fold_dirs:
	ls | grep '%' | xargs -n1 ./gistify.sh unpack

driver_c:
	$(CC) -c driver.c -o driver-c.o -Wall -Werror -fpic -std=c17 -O3
	$(CC) driver-c.o -o libmydriver-c.so -shared -O3
	rm driver-c.o

driver_c_fast:
	$(CC) -c driver-fast.c -o driver-c-fast.o -Wall -Werror -fpic -std=c17 -O3
	$(CC) driver-c-fast.o -o libmydriver-c-fast.so -shared -O3
	rm driver-c-fast.o

driver_cpp:
	$(CXX) -c driver.cpp -o driver-cxx.o -Wall -Werror -fpic -std=c++20 -O3
	$(CXX) driver-cxx.o -o libmydriver-cpp.so -shared -O3
	rm driver-cxx.o

driver_rust:
	cd driver_rs && cargo build --release
	cp driver_rs/target/release/libdriver_rs.so libmydriver-rs.so

bench:
	cd benchmark && cargo build --release

clean:
	rm *.so
	rm -rf driver_rs/target
	rm -rf benchmark/target
	rm -rf perf/data

build: driver_rust driver_c driver_c_fast driver_cpp bench

versions:
	$(CXX) --version
	$(CC) --version
	rustc --version

hyperfine: build versions
	hyperfine \
		'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c.so' \
		'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c-fast.so' \
		'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-cpp.so' \
		'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-rs.so'

perf_record: build
	mkdir -p perf/data
	perf record -o perf/data/c -g --call-graph=dwarf -F500 -- benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c.so
	perf record -o perf/data/c-fast -g --call-graph=dwarf -F500 -- benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c-fast.so
	perf record -o perf/data/cpp -g --call-graph=dwarf -F500 -- benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-cpp.so
	perf record -o perf/data/rs -g --call-graph=dwarf -F500 -- benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-rs.so

perf_flamegraph: perf_record
	mkdir -p perf/svg
	perf script -i perf/data/c | stackcollapse-perf.pl | flamegraph.pl > perf/svg/c.svg
	perf script -i perf/data/c-fast | stackcollapse-perf.pl | flamegraph.pl > perf/svg/c-fast.svg
	perf script -i perf/data/cpp | stackcollapse-perf.pl | flamegraph.pl > perf/svg/cpp.svg
	perf script -i perf/data/rs | stackcollapse-perf.pl | flamegraph.pl > perf/svg/rs.svg

perf%svg%c-fast.svg

perf%svg%c.svg

perf%svg%cpp.svg

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg version="1.1" width="1200" height="470" onload="init(evt)" viewBox="0 0 1200 470" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<!-- Flame graph stack visualization. See https://github.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph for latest version, and http://www.brendangregg.com/flamegraphs.html for examples. -->
<!-- NOTES:  -->
<defs >
	<linearGradient id="background" y1="0" y2="1" x1="0" x2="0" >
		<stop stop-color="#eeeeee" offset="5%" />
		<stop stop-color="#eeeeb0" offset="95%" />
	</linearGradient>
</defs>
<style type="text/css">
	.func_g:hover { stroke:black; stroke-width:0.5; cursor:pointer; }
</style>
<script type="text/ecmascript">
<![CDATA[
	var details, searchbtn, matchedtxt, svg;
	function init(evt) {
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		searchbtn = document.getElementById("search");
		matchedtxt = document.getElementById("matched");
		svg = document.getElementsByTagName("svg")[0];
		searching = 0;
	}

	// mouse-over for info
	function s(node) {		// show
		info = g_to_text(node);
		details.nodeValue = "Function: " + info;
	}
	function c() {			// clear
		details.nodeValue = ' ';
	}

	// ctrl-F for search
	window.addEventListener("keydown",function (e) {
		if (e.keyCode === 114 || (e.ctrlKey && e.keyCode === 70)) {
			e.preventDefault();
			search_prompt();
		}
	})

	// functions
	function find_child(parent, name, attr) {
		var children = parent.childNodes;
		for (var i=0; i<children.length;i++) {
			if (children[i].tagName == name)
				return (attr != undefined) ? children[i].attributes[attr].value : children[i];
		}
		return;
	}
	function orig_save(e, attr, val) {
		if (e.attributes["_orig_"+attr] != undefined) return;
		if (e.attributes[attr] == undefined) return;
		if (val == undefined) val = e.attributes[attr].value;
		e.setAttribute("_orig_"+attr, val);
	}
	function orig_load(e, attr) {
		if (e.attributes["_orig_"+attr] == undefined) return;
		e.attributes[attr].value = e.attributes["_orig_"+attr].value;
		e.removeAttribute("_orig_"+attr);
	}
	function g_to_text(e) {
		var text = find_child(e, "title").firstChild.nodeValue;
		return (text)
	}
	function g_to_func(e) {
		var func = g_to_text(e);
		// if there's any manipulation we want to do to the function
		// name before it's searched, do it here before returning.
		return (func);
	}
	function update_text(e) {
		var r = find_child(e, "rect");
		var t = find_child(e, "text");
		var w = parseFloat(r.attributes["width"].value) -3;
		var txt = find_child(e, "title").textContent.replace(/\([^(]*\)$/,"");
		t.attributes["x"].value = parseFloat(r.attributes["x"].value) +3;

		// Smaller than this size won't fit anything
		if (w < 2*12*0.59) {
			t.textContent = "";
			return;
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		t.textContent = txt;
		// Fit in full text width
		if (/^ *$/.test(txt) || t.getSubStringLength(0, txt.length) < w)
			return;

		for (var x=txt.length-2; x>0; x--) {
			if (t.getSubStringLength(0, x+2) <= w) {
				t.textContent = txt.substring(0,x) + "..";
				return;
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		}
		t.textContent = "";
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	// zoom
	function zoom_reset(e) {
		if (e.attributes != undefined) {
			orig_load(e, "x");
			orig_load(e, "width");
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		if (e.childNodes == undefined) return;
		for(var i=0, c=e.childNodes; i<c.length; i++) {
			zoom_reset(c[i]);
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	}
	function zoom_child(e, x, ratio) {
		if (e.attributes != undefined) {
			if (e.attributes["x"] != undefined) {
				orig_save(e, "x");
				e.attributes["x"].value = (parseFloat(e.attributes["x"].value) - x - 10) * ratio + 10;
				if(e.tagName == "text") e.attributes["x"].value = find_child(e.parentNode, "rect", "x") + 3;
			}
			if (e.attributes["width"] != undefined) {
				orig_save(e, "width");
				e.attributes["width"].value = parseFloat(e.attributes["width"].value) * ratio;
			}
		}

		if (e.childNodes == undefined) return;
		for(var i=0, c=e.childNodes; i<c.length; i++) {
			zoom_child(c[i], x-10, ratio);
		}
	}
	function zoom_parent(e) {
		if (e.attributes) {
			if (e.attributes["x"] != undefined) {
				orig_save(e, "x");
				e.attributes["x"].value = 10;
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			if (e.attributes["width"] != undefined) {
				orig_save(e, "width");
				e.attributes["width"].value = parseInt(svg.width.baseVal.value) - (10*2);
			}
		}
		if (e.childNodes == undefined) return;
		for(var i=0, c=e.childNodes; i<c.length; i++) {
			zoom_parent(c[i]);
		}
	}
	function zoom(node) {
		var attr = find_child(node, "rect").attributes;
		var width = parseFloat(attr["width"].value);
		var xmin = parseFloat(attr["x"].value);
		var xmax = parseFloat(xmin + width);
		var ymin = parseFloat(attr["y"].value);
		var ratio = (svg.width.baseVal.value - 2*10) / width;

		// XXX: Workaround for JavaScript float issues (fix me)
		var fudge = 0.0001;

		var unzoombtn = document.getElementById("unzoom");
		unzoombtn.style["opacity"] = "1.0";

		var el = document.getElementsByTagName("g");
		for(var i=0;i<el.length;i++){
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			var a = find_child(e, "rect").attributes;
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			var ew = parseFloat(a["width"].value);
			// Is it an ancestor
			if (0 == 0) {
				var upstack = parseFloat(a["y"].value) > ymin;
			} else {
				var upstack = parseFloat(a["y"].value) < ymin;
			}
			if (upstack) {
				// Direct ancestor
				if (ex <= xmin && (ex+ew+fudge) >= xmax) {
					e.style["opacity"] = "0.5";
					zoom_parent(e);
					e.onclick = function(e){unzoom(); zoom(this);};
					update_text(e);
				}
				// not in current path
				else
					e.style["display"] = "none";
			}
			// Children maybe
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				// no common path
				if (ex < xmin || ex + fudge >= xmax) {
					e.style["display"] = "none";
				}
				else {
					zoom_child(e, xmin, ratio);
					e.onclick = function(e){zoom(this);};
					update_text(e);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	function unzoom() {
		var unzoombtn = document.getElementById("unzoom");
		unzoombtn.style["opacity"] = "0.0";

		var el = document.getElementsByTagName("g");
		for(i=0;i<el.length;i++) {
			el[i].style["display"] = "block";
			el[i].style["opacity"] = "1";
			zoom_reset(el[i]);
			update_text(el[i]);
		}
	}

	// search
	function reset_search() {
		var el = document.getElementsByTagName("rect");
		for (var i=0; i < el.length; i++) {
			orig_load(el[i], "fill")
		}
	}
	function search_prompt() {
		if (!searching) {
			var term = prompt("Enter a search term (regexp " +
			    "allowed, eg: ^ext4_)", "");
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