BigRedEye · September 7, 2021 04:35
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
diff --git a/benchmark%Cargo.lock b/benchmark%Cargo.lock
 # This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 3

 [[package]]
 name = "benchmark"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "libloading",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
 version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"

 [[package]]
 name = "libloading"
 version = "0.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6f84d96438c15fcd6c3f244c8fce01d1e2b9c6b5623e9c711dc9286d8fc92d6a"
 dependencies = [
 "cfg-if",
 "winapi",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "winapi"
 version = "0.3.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5c839a674fcd7a98952e593242ea400abe93992746761e38641405d28b00f419"
 dependencies = [
 "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
 "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu"
 version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"

 [[package]]
 name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
 version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
diff --git a/benchmark%Cargo.toml b/benchmark%Cargo.toml
 [package]
 name = "benchmark"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2018"

 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

 [dependencies]
 libloading = "0.7.0"
diff --git a/benchmark%src%main.rs b/benchmark%src%main.rs
 use libloading::{Library, Symbol};

 #[derive(Debug)]
 #[repr(C)]
 struct Data {
    port: [i8; 20],
    status: i32,
    value: [i8; 256],
 }

 type GetBulk = fn() -> i32;
 type GetNextResult = fn() -> &'static Data;

 fn benchmark(library_path: &str, iterations: u64) {
    let lib = unsafe { Library::new(library_path) }.unwrap();
    let get_bulk: Symbol<GetBulk> = unsafe { lib.get(b"get_bulk") }.unwrap();
    let get_next_result: Symbol<GetNextResult> = unsafe { lib.get(b"get_next_result") }.unwrap();
    let free_result: Symbol<fn()> = unsafe { lib.get(b"free_result") }.unwrap();
    let start = std::time::Instant::now();
    for _ in 0..iterations {
        let count = get_bulk();
        assert_eq!(count, 100);
        for x in 0..count {
            let data = get_next_result();
            let port = unsafe { std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(data.port.as_ptr()) }
                .to_str()
                .unwrap();
            let value = unsafe { std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(data.value.as_ptr()) }
                .to_str()
                .unwrap();
            assert_eq!(data.status, x);
            debug_assert_eq!(port, format!("PORT {}", x + 1));
            debug_assert_eq!(value, format!("VALUE FOR {}", x + 1));
        }
        free_result();
    }
    let spent = start.elapsed();
    println!(
        "{}: {} ({} iters/s)",
        library_path.rsplit("/").next().unwrap(),
        spent.as_secs_f64(),
        (iterations as f64 / spent.as_secs_f64()) as u64
    );
 }

 fn main() {
    for path in std::env::args().skip(1) {
        benchmark(&path, 100000);
    }
 }
diff --git a/driver-fast.c b/driver-fast.c
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>

 struct Data {
  char port[20];
  int status;
  char value[256];
 };

 struct Data *Result;
 int current_result = 0;

 static int itoa(int val, char* buf) {
    const unsigned int radix = 10;

    char* p;
    unsigned int a;        //every digit
    int len;
    char* b;            //start of the digit char
    char temp;
    unsigned int u;

    p = buf;

    if (val < 0) {
        *p++ = '-';
        val = 0 - val;
    }
    u = (unsigned int)val;

    b = p;

    do {
        a = u % radix;
        u /= radix;

        *p++ = a + '0';
    } while (u > 0);

    len = (int)(p - buf);

    *p-- = 0;

    //swap
    do {
        temp = *p;
        *p = *b;
        *b = temp;
        --p;
        ++b;
    } while (b < p);

    return len;
 }

 static void fill_buf_impl(char* buf, char* prefix, size_t prefix_len, int value) {
    memcpy(buf, prefix, prefix_len);
    int len = itoa(value, buf + prefix_len);
    buf[prefix_len + len] = '\0';
 }

 #define fill_buf(buf, str, value) fill_buf_impl(buf, str, sizeof(str) - 1, value);

 int get_bulk() {
  int n = 100;
  Result = malloc(n * sizeof(struct Data));
  
  for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
    int i_label = i + 1;
    fill_buf(Result[i].port, "PORT ", i_label);
    Result[i].status = i;
    fill_buf(Result[i].value, "VALUE FOR ", i_label);
  }
  return n;
 }

 struct Data *get_next_result() {
  return &Result[current_result++];
 }

 void free_result() {
  free(Result);
  current_result = 0;
 }
diff --git a/driver.c b/driver.c
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>

 struct Data {
  char port[20];
  int status;
  char value[256];
 };

 struct Data *Result;
 int current_result = 0;

 int get_bulk() {
  int n = 100;
  Result = malloc(n * sizeof(struct Data));
  for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
    int i_label = i + 1;
    sprintf(Result[i].port, "PORT %u", i_label);
    Result[i].status = i;
    sprintf(Result[i].value, "VALUE FOR %u", i_label);
  }
  return n;
 }

 struct Data *get_next_result() {
  return &Result[current_result++];
 }

 void free_result() {
  free(Result);
  current_result = 0;
 }
diff --git a/driver.cpp b/driver.cpp
 #include <charconv>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <cassert>

 namespace {

 struct Data {
    char port[20];
    int status;
    char value[256];
 };

 struct Data *Result = nullptr;
 int current_result = 0;

 template <size_t N, size_t M>
 size_t format_prefix(char (&buf)[N], const char (&prefix)[M], int value) {
    constexpr size_t kPrefixSizeWithoutNul = M - 1;
    std::memcpy(buf, prefix, kPrefixSizeWithoutNul);
    auto [ptr, errc] = std::to_chars(buf + kPrefixSizeWithoutNul, buf + N, value);
    assert(errc == std::errc{});
    *ptr++ = '\0';
    return ptr - buf;
 }

 } // namespace 

 extern "C" int get_bulk() {
    int n = 100;
    Result = (Data*)std::malloc(sizeof(Data) * n);

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int i_label = i + 1;

        Result[i].status = i;
        format_prefix(Result[i].port, "PORT ", i_label);
        format_prefix(Result[i].value, "VALUE FOR ", i_label);
    }
    return n;
 }

 extern "C" Data *get_next_result() {
    return &Result[current_result++];
 }

 extern "C" void free_result() {
    std::free(Result);
    current_result = 0;
 }
diff --git a/driver_rs%Cargo.lock b/driver_rs%Cargo.lock
 # This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 3

 [[package]]
 name = "driver_rs"
 version = "0.1.0"
diff --git a/driver_rs%Cargo.toml b/driver_rs%Cargo.toml
 [package]
 name = "driver_rs"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2018"

 [lib]
 crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 bench = false

 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

 [dependencies]
diff --git a/driver_rs%src%lib.rs b/driver_rs%src%lib.rs
 /* build with
    cargo build --release
    */
 type PortName = [i8; 20];
 type StateStatus = i32;
 type StateValue = [i8; 256];

 #[derive(Debug)]
 #[repr(C)]
 pub struct Data {
    port: PortName,
    status: StateStatus,
    value: StateValue,
 }

 impl Data {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            port: [0; 20],
            status: -0xff,
            value: [0; 256],
        }
    }
 }

 struct DataResult {
    data: Vec<Data>,
    current: usize,
 }

 impl DataResult {
    unsafe fn get_next(&mut self) -> &Data {
        match self.data.get(self.current) {
            Some(v) => {
                self.current += 1;
                v
            }
            None => panic!("Result overflow"),
        }
    }

    fn clear(&mut self) {
        self.data.clear();
        self.current = 0;
    }
 }

 fn fill_c_string(s: &str, buf: &mut [i8]) {
    let b = s.as_bytes();
    if b.len() > buf.len() - 1 {
        panic!("string overflow");
    } else {
        for i in 0..b.len() {
            buf[i] = b[i] as i8;
        }
        buf[b.len()] = 0;
    }
 }

 static mut D: DataResult = DataResult {
    data: Vec::new(),
    current: 0,
 };

 #[no_mangle]
 pub unsafe fn get_bulk() -> i32 {
    let n = 100;
    D.clear();
    for i in 0..n {
        let i_label = i + 1;
        let mut d = Data::new();
        d.status = i;
        fill_c_string(&format!("PORT {}", i_label), &mut d.port);
        fill_c_string(&format!("VALUE FOR {}", i_label), &mut d.value);
        D.data.push(d);
    }
    n
 }

 #[no_mangle]
 pub unsafe fn get_next_result<'a>() -> &'a Data {
    D.get_next()
 }

 #[no_mangle]
 pub unsafe fn free_result() {
    D.clear();
 }
diff --git a/gistify.sh b/gistify.sh
 #!/usr/bin/env bash

 case $1 in
    pack)
        PACKED=`echo $2 | sed -s 's@/@%@g'`
        mv $2 $PACKED
    ;;
    unpack)
        UNPACKED=`echo $2 | sed -s 's@%@/@g'`
        mkdir -p `dirname $UNPACKED`
        mv $2 $UNPACKED
    ;;
 esac
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
 flatten_dirs:
 	find . -type f -wholename '*/*' -not -path './.git/*' | sed 's@^\./@@g' | grep / | xargs -n1 ./gistify.sh pack

 fold_dirs:
 	ls | grep '%' | xargs -n1 ./gistify.sh unpack

 driver_c:
 	$(CC) -c driver.c -o driver-c.o -Wall -Werror -fpic -std=c17 -O3
 	$(CC) driver-c.o -o libmydriver-c.so -shared -O3
 	rm driver-c.o

 driver_c_fast:
 	$(CC) -c driver-fast.c -o driver-c-fast.o -Wall -Werror -fpic -std=c17 -O3
 	$(CC) driver-c-fast.o -o libmydriver-c-fast.so -shared -O3
 	rm driver-c-fast.o

 driver_cpp:
 	$(CXX) -c driver.cpp -o driver-cxx.o -Wall -Werror -fpic -std=c++20 -O3
 	$(CXX) driver-cxx.o -o libmydriver-cpp.so -shared -O3
 	rm driver-cxx.o

 driver_rust:
 	cd driver_rs && cargo build --release
 	cp driver_rs/target/release/libdriver_rs.so libmydriver-rs.so

 bench:
 	cd benchmark && cargo build --release

 clean:
 	rm *.so
 	rm -rf driver_rs/target
 	rm -rf benchmark/target
 	rm -rf perf/data

 build: driver_rust driver_c driver_c_fast driver_cpp bench

 versions:
 	$(CXX) --version
 	$(CC) --version
 	rustc --version

 hyperfine: build versions
 	hyperfine \
 		'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c.so' \
 		'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c-fast.so' \
 		'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-cpp.so' \
 		'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-rs.so'

 perf_record: build
 	mkdir -p perf/data
 	perf record -o perf/data/c -g --call-graph=dwarf -F500 -- benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c.so
 	perf record -o perf/data/c-fast -g --call-graph=dwarf -F500 -- benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c-fast.so
 	perf record -o perf/data/cpp -g --call-graph=dwarf -F500 -- benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-cpp.so
 	perf record -o perf/data/rs -g --call-graph=dwarf -F500 -- benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-rs.so

 perf_flamegraph: perf_record
 	mkdir -p perf/svg
 	perf script -i perf/data/c | stackcollapse-perf.pl | flamegraph.pl > perf/svg/c.svg
 	perf script -i perf/data/c-fast | stackcollapse-perf.pl | flamegraph.pl > perf/svg/c-fast.svg
 	perf script -i perf/data/cpp | stackcollapse-perf.pl | flamegraph.pl > perf/svg/cpp.svg
 	perf script -i perf/data/rs | stackcollapse-perf.pl | flamegraph.pl > perf/svg/rs.svg
diff --git a/perf%svg%c-fast.svg b/perf%svg%c-fast.svg
 <?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
 <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
 <svg version="1.1" width="1200" height="326" onload="init(evt)" viewBox="0 0 1200 326" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
 <!-- Flame graph stack visualization. See https://github.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph for latest version, and http://www.brendangregg.com/flamegraphs.html for examples. -->
 <!-- NOTES:  -->
 <defs >
 	<linearGradient id="background" y1="0" y2="1" x1="0" x2="0" >
 		<stop stop-color="#eeeeee" offset="5%" />
 		<stop stop-color="#eeeeb0" offset="95%" />
 	</linearGradient>
 </defs>
 <style type="text/css">
 	.func_g:hover { stroke:black; stroke-width:0.5; cursor:pointer; }
 </style>
 <script type="text/ecmascript">
 <![CDATA[
 	var details, searchbtn, matchedtxt, svg;
 	function init(evt) {
 		details = document.getElementById("details").firstChild;
 		searchbtn = document.getElementById("search");
 		matchedtxt = document.getElementById("matched");
 		svg = document.getElementsByTagName("svg")[0];
 		searching = 0;
 	}

 	// mouse-over for info
 	function s(node) {		// show
 		info = g_to_text(node);
 		details.nodeValue = "Function: " + info;
 	}
 	function c() {			// clear
 		details.nodeValue = ' ';
 	}

 	// ctrl-F for search
 	window.addEventListener("keydown",function (e) {
 		if (e.keyCode === 114 || (e.ctrlKey && e.keyCode === 70)) {
 			e.preventDefault();
 			search_prompt();
 		}
 	})

 	// functions
 	function find_child(parent, name, attr) {
 		var children = parent.childNodes;
 		for (var i=0; i<children.length;i++) {
 			if (children[i].tagName == name)
 				return (attr != undefined) ? children[i].attributes[attr].value : children[i];
 		}
 		return;
 	}
 	function orig_save(e, attr, val) {
 		if (e.attributes["_orig_"+attr] != undefined) return;
 		if (e.attributes[attr] == undefined) return;
 		if (val == undefined) val = e.attributes[attr].value;
 		e.setAttribute("_orig_"+attr, val);
 	}
 	function orig_load(e, attr) {
 		if (e.attributes["_orig_"+attr] == undefined) return;
 		e.attributes[attr].value = e.attributes["_orig_"+attr].value;
 		e.removeAttribute("_orig_"+attr);
 	}
 	function g_to_text(e) {
 		var text = find_child(e, "title").firstChild.nodeValue;
 		return (text)
 	}
 	function g_to_func(e) {
 		var func = g_to_text(e);
 		// if there's any manipulation we want to do to the function
 		// name before it's searched, do it here before returning.
 		return (func);
 	}
 	function update_text(e) {
 		var r = find_child(e, "rect");
 		var t = find_child(e, "text");
 		var w = parseFloat(r.attributes["width"].value) -3;
 		var txt = find_child(e, "title").textContent.replace(/\([^(]*\)$/,"");
 		t.attributes["x"].value = parseFloat(r.attributes["x"].value) +3;

 		// Smaller than this size won't fit anything
 		if (w < 2*12*0.59) {
 			t.textContent = "";
 			return;
 		}

 		t.textContent = txt;
 		// Fit in full text width
 		if (/^ *$/.test(txt) || t.getSubStringLength(0, txt.length) < w)
 			return;

 		for (var x=txt.length-2; x>0; x--) {
 			if (t.getSubStringLength(0, x+2) <= w) {
 				t.textContent = txt.substring(0,x) + "..";
 				return;
 			}
 		}
 		t.textContent = "";
 	}

 	// zoom
 	function zoom_reset(e) {
 		if (e.attributes != undefined) {
 			orig_load(e, "x");
 			orig_load(e, "width");
 		}
 		if (e.childNodes == undefined) return;
 		for(var i=0, c=e.childNodes; i<c.length; i++) {
 			zoom_reset(c[i]);
 		}
 	}
 	function zoom_child(e, x, ratio) {
 		if (e.attributes != undefined) {
 			if (e.attributes["x"] != undefined) {
 				orig_save(e, "x");
 				e.attributes["x"].value = (parseFloat(e.attributes["x"].value) - x - 10) * ratio + 10;
 				if(e.tagName == "text") e.attributes["x"].value = find_child(e.parentNode, "rect", "x") + 3;
 			}
 			if (e.attributes["width"] != undefined) {
 				orig_save(e, "width");
 				e.attributes["width"].value = parseFloat(e.attributes["width"].value) * ratio;
 			}
 		}

 		if (e.childNodes == undefined) return;
 		for(var i=0, c=e.childNodes; i<c.length; i++) {
 			zoom_child(c[i], x-10, ratio);
 		}
 	}
 	function zoom_parent(e) {
 		if (e.attributes) {
 			if (e.attributes["x"] != undefined) {
 				orig_save(e, "x");
 				e.attributes["x"].value = 10;
 			}
 			if (e.attributes["width"] != undefined) {
 				orig_save(e, "width");
 				e.attributes["width"].value = parseInt(svg.width.baseVal.value) - (10*2);
 			}
 		}
 		if (e.childNodes == undefined) return;
 		for(var i=0, c=e.childNodes; i<c.length; i++) {
 			zoom_parent(c[i]);
 		}
 	}
 	function zoom(node) {
 		var attr = find_child(node, "rect").attributes;
 		var width = parseFloat(attr["width"].value);
 		var xmin = parseFloat(attr["x"].value);
 		var xmax = parseFloat(xmin + width);
 		var ymin = parseFloat(attr["y"].value);
 		var ratio = (svg.width.baseVal.value - 2*10) / width;

 		// XXX: Workaround for JavaScript float issues (fix me)
 		var fudge = 0.0001;

 		var unzoombtn = document.getElementById("unzoom");
 		unzoombtn.style["opacity"] = "1.0";

 		var el = document.getElementsByTagName("g");
 		for(var i=0;i<el.length;i++){
 			var e = el[i];
 			var a = find_child(e, "rect").attributes;
 			var ex = parseFloat(a["x"].value);
 			var ew = parseFloat(a["width"].value);
 			// Is it an ancestor
 			if (0 == 0) {
 				var upstack = parseFloat(a["y"].value) > ymin;
 			} else {
 				var upstack = parseFloat(a["y"].value) < ymin;
 			}
 			if (upstack) {
 				// Direct ancestor
 				if (ex <= xmin && (ex+ew+fudge) >= xmax) {
 					e.style["opacity"] = "0.5";
 					zoom_parent(e);
 					e.onclick = function(e){unzoom(); zoom(this);};
 					update_text(e);
 				}
 				// not in current path
 				else
 					e.style["display"] = "none";
 			}
 			// Children maybe
 			else {
 				// no common path
 				if (ex < xmin || ex + fudge >= xmax) {
 					e.style["display"] = "none";
 				}
 				else {
 					zoom_child(e, xmin, ratio);
 					e.onclick = function(e){zoom(this);};
 					update_text(e);
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	function unzoom() {
 		var unzoombtn = document.getElementById("unzoom");
 		unzoombtn.style["opacity"] = "0.0";

 		var el = document.getElementsByTagName("g");
 		for(i=0;i<el.length;i++) {
 			el[i].style["display"] = "block";
 			el[i].style["opacity"] = "1";
 			zoom_reset(el[i]);
 			update_text(el[i]);
 		}
 	}

 	// search
 	function reset_search() {
 		var el = document.getElementsByTagName("rect");
 		for (var i=0; i < el.length; i++) {
 			orig_load(el[i], "fill")
 		}
 	}
 	function search_prompt() {
 		if (!searching) {
 			var term = prompt("Enter a search term (regexp " +
 			    "allowed, eg: ^ext4_)", "");
 			if (term != null) {
 				search(term)
 			}
 		} else {
 			reset_search();
 			searching = 0;
 			searchbtn.style["opacity"] = "0.1";
 			searchbtn.firstChild.nodeValue = "Search"
 			matchedtxt.style["opacity"] = "0.0";
 			matchedtxt.firstChild.nodeValue = ""
 		}
 	}
 	function search(term) {
 		var re = new RegExp(term);
 		var el = document.getElementsByTagName("g");
 		var matches = new Object();
 		var maxwidth = 0;
 		for (var i = 0; i < el.length; i++) {
 			var e = el[i];
 			if (e.attributes["class"].value != "func_g")
 				continue;
 			var func = g_to_func(e);
 			var rect = find_child(e, "rect");
 			if (rect == null) {
 				// the rect might be wrapped in an anchor
 				// if nameattr href is being used
 				if (rect = find_child(e, "a")) {
 				    rect = find_child(r, "rect");
 				}
 			}
 			if (func == null || rect == null)
 				continue;

 			// Save max width. Only works as we have a root frame
 			var w = parseFloat(rect.attributes["width"].value);
 			if (w > maxwidth)
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	[package]
	name = "benchmark"
	version = "0.1.0"
	edition = "2018"

	# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

	[dependencies]
	libloading = "0.7.0"
	use libloading::{Library, Symbol};

	#[derive(Debug)]
	#[repr(C)]
	struct Data {
	port: [i8; 20],
	status: i32,
	value: [i8; 256],
	}

	type GetBulk = fn() -> i32;
	type GetNextResult = fn() -> &'static Data;

	fn benchmark(library_path: &str, iterations: u64) {
	let lib = unsafe { Library::new(library_path) }.unwrap();
	let get_bulk: Symbol<GetBulk> = unsafe { lib.get(b"get_bulk") }.unwrap();
	let get_next_result: Symbol<GetNextResult> = unsafe { lib.get(b"get_next_result") }.unwrap();
	let free_result: Symbol<fn()> = unsafe { lib.get(b"free_result") }.unwrap();
	let start = std::time::Instant::now();
	for _ in 0..iterations {
	let count = get_bulk();
	assert_eq!(count, 100);
	for x in 0..count {
	let data = get_next_result();
	let port = unsafe { std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(data.port.as_ptr()) }
	.to_str()
	.unwrap();
	let value = unsafe { std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(data.value.as_ptr()) }
	.to_str()
	.unwrap();
	assert_eq!(data.status, x);
	debug_assert_eq!(port, format!("PORT {}", x + 1));
	debug_assert_eq!(value, format!("VALUE FOR {}", x + 1));
	}
	free_result();
	}
	let spent = start.elapsed();
	println!(
	"{}: {} ({} iters/s)",
	library_path.rsplit("/").next().unwrap(),
	spent.as_secs_f64(),
	(iterations as f64 / spent.as_secs_f64()) as u64
	);
	}

	fn main() {
	for path in std::env::args().skip(1) {
	benchmark(&path, 100000);
	}
	}
	#include <stddef.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <string.h>

	struct Data {
	char port[20];
	int status;
	char value[256];
	};

	struct Data *Result;
	int current_result = 0;

	static int itoa(int val, char* buf) {
	const unsigned int radix = 10;

	char* p;
	unsigned int a; //every digit
	int len;
	char* b; //start of the digit char
	char temp;
	unsigned int u;

	p = buf;

	if (val < 0) {
	*p++ = '-';
	val = 0 - val;
	}
	u = (unsigned int)val;

	b = p;

	do {
	a = u % radix;
	u /= radix;

	*p++ = a + '0';
	} while (u > 0);

	len = (int)(p - buf);

	*p-- = 0;

	//swap
	do {
	temp = *p;
	p = b;
	*b = temp;
	--p;
	++b;
	} while (b < p);

	return len;
	}

	static void fill_buf_impl(char* buf, char* prefix, size_t prefix_len, int value) {
	memcpy(buf, prefix, prefix_len);
	int len = itoa(value, buf + prefix_len);
	buf[prefix_len + len] = '\0';
	}

	#define fill_buf(buf, str, value) fill_buf_impl(buf, str, sizeof(str) - 1, value);

	int get_bulk() {
	int n = 100;
	Result = malloc(n * sizeof(struct Data));

	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
	int i_label = i + 1;
	fill_buf(Result[i].port, "PORT ", i_label);
	Result[i].status = i;
	fill_buf(Result[i].value, "VALUE FOR ", i_label);
	}
	return n;
	}

	struct Data *get_next_result() {
	return &Result[current_result++];
	}

	void free_result() {
	free(Result);
	current_result = 0;
	}
	#include <charconv>
	#include <cstddef>
	#include <cstdlib>
	#include <cstring>
	#include <cassert>

	namespace {

	struct Data {
	char port[20];
	int status;
	char value[256];
	};

	struct Data *Result = nullptr;
	int current_result = 0;

	template <size_t N, size_t M>
	size_t format_prefix(char (&buf)[N], const char (&prefix)[M], int value) {
	constexpr size_t kPrefixSizeWithoutNul = M - 1;
	std::memcpy(buf, prefix, kPrefixSizeWithoutNul);
	auto [ptr, errc] = std::to_chars(buf + kPrefixSizeWithoutNul, buf + N, value);
	assert(errc == std::errc{});
	*ptr++ = '\0';
	return ptr - buf;
	}

	} // namespace

	extern "C" int get_bulk() {
	int n = 100;
	Result = (Data)std::malloc(sizeof(Data) n);

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	int i_label = i + 1;

	Result[i].status = i;
	format_prefix(Result[i].port, "PORT ", i_label);
	format_prefix(Result[i].value, "VALUE FOR ", i_label);
	}
	return n;
	}

	extern "C" Data *get_next_result() {
	return &Result[current_result++];
	}

	extern "C" void free_result() {
	std::free(Result);
	current_result = 0;
	}
	[package]
	name = "driver_rs"
	version = "0.1.0"
	edition = "2018"

	[lib]
	crate-type = ["cdylib"]
	bench = false

	# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

	[dependencies]
	/* build with
	cargo build --release
	*/
	type PortName = [i8; 20];
	type StateStatus = i32;
	type StateValue = [i8; 256];

	#[derive(Debug)]
	#[repr(C)]
	pub struct Data {
	port: PortName,
	status: StateStatus,
	value: StateValue,
	}

	impl Data {
	fn new() -> Self {
	Self {
	port: [0; 20],
	status: -0xff,
	value: [0; 256],
	}
	}
	}

	struct DataResult {
	data: Vec<Data>,
	current: usize,
	}

	impl DataResult {
	unsafe fn get_next(&mut self) -> &Data {
	match self.data.get(self.current) {
	Some(v) => {
	self.current += 1;
	v
	}
	None => panic!("Result overflow"),
	}
	}

	fn clear(&mut self) {
	self.data.clear();
	self.current = 0;
	}
	}

	fn fill_c_string(s: &str, buf: &mut [i8]) {
	let b = s.as_bytes();
	if b.len() > buf.len() - 1 {
	panic!("string overflow");
	} else {
	for i in 0..b.len() {
	buf[i] = b[i] as i8;
	}
	buf[b.len()] = 0;
	}
	}

	static mut D: DataResult = DataResult {
	data: Vec::new(),
	current: 0,
	};

	#[no_mangle]
	pub unsafe fn get_bulk() -> i32 {
	let n = 100;
	D.clear();
	for i in 0..n {
	let i_label = i + 1;
	let mut d = Data::new();
	d.status = i;
	fill_c_string(&format!("PORT {}", i_label), &mut d.port);
	fill_c_string(&format!("VALUE FOR {}", i_label), &mut d.value);
	D.data.push(d);
	}
	n
	}

	#[no_mangle]
	pub unsafe fn get_next_result<'a>() -> &'a Data {
	D.get_next()
	}

	#[no_mangle]
	pub unsafe fn free_result() {
	D.clear();
	}
	#!/usr/bin/env bash

	case $1 in
	pack)
	PACKED=`echo $2 \| sed -s 's@/@%@g'`
	mv $2 $PACKED
	;;
	unpack)
	UNPACKED=`echo $2 \| sed -s 's@%@/@g'`
	mkdir -p `dirname $UNPACKED`
	mv $2 $UNPACKED
	;;
	esac
	flatten_dirs:
	find . -type f -wholename '/' -not -path './.git/*' \| sed 's@^\./@@g' \| grep / \| xargs -n1 ./gistify.sh pack

	fold_dirs:
	ls \| grep '%' \| xargs -n1 ./gistify.sh unpack

	driver_c:
	$(CC) -c driver.c -o driver-c.o -Wall -Werror -fpic -std=c17 -O3
	$(CC) driver-c.o -o libmydriver-c.so -shared -O3
	rm driver-c.o

	driver_c_fast:
	$(CC) -c driver-fast.c -o driver-c-fast.o -Wall -Werror -fpic -std=c17 -O3
	$(CC) driver-c-fast.o -o libmydriver-c-fast.so -shared -O3
	rm driver-c-fast.o

	driver_cpp:
	$(CXX) -c driver.cpp -o driver-cxx.o -Wall -Werror -fpic -std=c++20 -O3
	$(CXX) driver-cxx.o -o libmydriver-cpp.so -shared -O3
	rm driver-cxx.o

	driver_rust:
	cd driver_rs && cargo build --release
	cp driver_rs/target/release/libdriver_rs.so libmydriver-rs.so

	bench:
	cd benchmark && cargo build --release

	clean:
	rm *.so
	rm -rf driver_rs/target
	rm -rf benchmark/target
	rm -rf perf/data

	build: driver_rust driver_c driver_c_fast driver_cpp bench

	versions:
	$(CXX) --version
	$(CC) --version
	rustc --version

	hyperfine: build versions
	hyperfine \
	'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c.so' \
	'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c-fast.so' \
	'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-cpp.so' \
	'benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-rs.so'

	perf_record: build
	mkdir -p perf/data
	perf record -o perf/data/c -g --call-graph=dwarf -F500 -- benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c.so
	perf record -o perf/data/c-fast -g --call-graph=dwarf -F500 -- benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-c-fast.so
	perf record -o perf/data/cpp -g --call-graph=dwarf -F500 -- benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-cpp.so
	perf record -o perf/data/rs -g --call-graph=dwarf -F500 -- benchmark/target/release/benchmark ./libmydriver-rs.so

	perf_flamegraph: perf_record
	mkdir -p perf/svg
	perf script -i perf/data/c \| stackcollapse-perf.pl \| flamegraph.pl > perf/svg/c.svg
	perf script -i perf/data/c-fast \| stackcollapse-perf.pl \| flamegraph.pl > perf/svg/c-fast.svg
	perf script -i perf/data/cpp \| stackcollapse-perf.pl \| flamegraph.pl > perf/svg/cpp.svg
	perf script -i perf/data/rs \| stackcollapse-perf.pl \| flamegraph.pl > perf/svg/rs.svg