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Manamama/ESTHER OWL as JSON 1.txt

Last active September 4, 2024 18:20
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ESTHER OWL as JSON 1
Raw
ESTHER OWL as JSON 1.txt
# from an OWL file from here: https://github.com/kuehnram/ESTHER-Ontology/
{
"classes": {
"LinguisticElement": [],
"RhetoricalFigure": [],
"LinguisticScope": [],
"LinguisticObject": [],
"LinguisticPosition": [],
"LinguisticGroup": [],
"LinguisticEntity": [
"LinguisticElement",
"RhetoricalFigure",
"LinguisticScope",
"LinguisticObject",
"LinguisticPosition",
"LinguisticGroup",
"LinguisticOperation"
],
"RhetoricalGroup": [],
"LinguisticOperation": [],
"RhetoricalEntity": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
"RhetoricalGroup"
]
},
"properties": {
"isSynonym": {
"domain": [
"RhetoricalFigure"
],
"range": [
"RhetoricalFigure"
]
},
"hasName": {
"domain": [],
"range": []
},
"isExample": {
"domain": [],
"range": []
},
"additionalElementAsNegativeAnswerIsAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"additionalElementOfSameLanguageMatchIsAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"additionalElementWithSameMeaningIsAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"additionalElementWithStrongerMeaningIsAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"additionalElementWithWeakerMeaningIsAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"anotherElementAsQuestionIsAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"anotherElementIsAddedAsPositiveAnswer": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"anotherElementOfNegativeMeaningIsAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"anotherElementOfOppositeMeaningIsAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"anotherElementOfTransferredMeaningIsAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"anotherElementWithDifferentMeaningIsAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"anotherElementWithPositiveMeaningIsAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"anotherElementWithSimilarMeaningIsAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"anotherStrongerNegativeMeaningIsAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"anotherWeakerNegativeMeaningIsAdded": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"connects": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"implies": {
"domain": [
"RhetoricalFigure"
],
"range": [
"RhetoricalFigure"
]
},
"isInArea": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticScope"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticScope"
]
},
"isInObject": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticObject"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticObject"
]
},
"isInPosition": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticPosition"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticPosition"
]
},
"isLinguisticGroup": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticGroup"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticGroup"
]
},
"isOmitted": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticEntity"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticEntity"
]
},
"isOppositeFigure": {
"domain": [
"RhetoricalFigure"
],
"range": [
"RhetoricalFigure"
]
},
"isRepeatableElementOfDifferentForm": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isRepeated": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isRepeatableElementOfDifferentKind": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isRepeatableElementOfDifferentMeaning": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isRepeatableElementOfSameForm": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isReplaced": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfDifferentForm": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfDifferentKind": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfDifferentMeaning": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfSameMeaning": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfSimilarMeaning": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfStrongerMeaning": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfStrongerOppositeMeaning": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfTransferredMeaning": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfWeakerMeaning": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isReplacedByElementOfOppositeMeaning": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticElement"
]
},
"isRhetoricalGroup": {
"domain": [
"RhetoricalGroup"
],
"range": [
"RhetoricalGroup"
]
},
"isSymmetrical": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticEntity"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticEntity"
]
},
"moves": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticEntity"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticEntity"
]
},
"separates": {
"domain": [
"LinguisticEntity"
],
"range": [
"LinguisticEntity"
]
},
"abstract": {
"domain": [],
"range": []
},
"contributor": {
"domain": [],
"range": []
},
"creator": {
"domain": [],
"range": []
},
"license": {
"domain": [],
"range": []
},
"publisher": {
"domain": [],
"range": []
},
"title": {
"domain": [],
"range": []
},
"AnotherWeakerNegativeMeaningIsAdded": {
"domain": [],
"range": []
},
"Connects": {
"domain": [],
"range": []
},
"Moves": {
"domain": [],
"range": []
},
"Separates": {
"domain": [],
"range": []
},
"rdfs": {
"domain": [],
"range": []
},
"see": {
"domain": [],
"range": []
}
},
"instances": {
"Accismus": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence"
],
"isReplacedByElementOfOppositeMeaning": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.WordObject"
],
"comment": [
"A feigned refusal of that which is earnestly desired. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Accismus"
],
"hasName": [
"Accismus"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Akizam",
"Akkism\u00f3s",
"Akzismus"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"I couldn't possibly take such charity from you..\u201d (Silva Rhetoricae)",
"\"I really cannot take this present!\u201d"
]
}
},
"Sentence": {
"types": [
"LinguisticScope"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Sentence"
],
"label": [
"Sentence"
]
}
},
"PhraseObject": {
"types": [
"LinguisticObject"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Phrase"
],
"label": [
"PhraseObject"
]
}
},
"WordObject": {
"types": [
"LinguisticObject"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Word"
],
"label": [
"WordObject"
]
}
},
"Semantical": {
"types": [
"LinguisticGroup"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"Semantical"
]
}
},
"WordElement": {
"types": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Word"
],
"label": [
"WordElement"
]
}
},
"Trope": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalGroup"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"Trope"
]
}
},
"Accumulatio": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequent"
],
"comment": [
"Bringing together various points made throughout a speech and presenting them again in a forceful, climactic way. A blend of summary and climax. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Accumulatio"
],
"hasName": [
"Accumulatio"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Accumulation",
"Pojacanje"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"additionalElementWithStrongerMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"a silent, thin, smart man\""
]
}
},
"PhraseElement": {
"types": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Phrase"
],
"label": [
"PhraseElement"
]
}
},
"Verse": {
"types": [
"LinguisticScope"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Verse"
],
"label": [
"Verse"
]
}
},
"WholeSubsequent": {
"types": [
"LinguisticPosition"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"WholeSubsequent"
]
}
},
"FigureOfSpeech": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalGroup"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"FigureOfSpeech"
],
"label": [
"FigureOfSpeech"
]
}
},
"Acrostic": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Paragraph",
"esther.Phrase",
"esther.Stanza",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.SentenceObject",
"esther.VerseObject"
],
"comment": [
"When the first letters of successive lines are arranged either in alphabetical order (= abecedarian) or in such a way as to spell a word. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Acrostic"
],
"hasName": [
"Acrostic"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Akrostichon"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Pragmatic",
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"isExample": [
"Your answer must not come by prying force\nExcept that gentle urging of your mind.\nSo take your time, and tell me when you will (Silva Rhetoricae)"
]
}
},
"Paragraph": {
"types": [
"LinguisticScope"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"Paragraph"
]
}
},
"Phrase": {
"types": [
"LinguisticScope"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Phrase"
],
"label": [
"Phrase"
]
}
},
"Stanza": {
"types": [
"LinguisticScope"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Stanza"
],
"label": [
"Stanza"
]
}
},
"SentenceObject": {
"types": [
"LinguisticObject"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Sentence"
]
}
},
"VerseObject": {
"types": [
"LinguisticObject"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Verse"
],
"label": [
"VerseObject"
]
}
},
"Pragmatic": {
"types": [
"LinguisticGroup"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"Pragmatic"
]
}
},
"FigureOfConstruction": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalGroup"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"FigureOfConstruction"
],
"label": [
"FigureOfConstruction"
]
}
},
"Allegory": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Stanza",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.Phrase",
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfSimilarMeaning": [
"esther.PhraseElement",
"esther.WordElement"
],
"comment": [
"A sustained metaphor continued through whole sentences or even through a whole discourse.(Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Allegory"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Alegorija",
"Allegorie"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"hasName": [
"Allegory"
],
"isExample": [
"Dove with olive branch as a sign for piece",
"Justitia as women with a blindfold"
]
}
},
"Alliteration": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject",
"esther.VerseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"comment": [
"Repeition of the same sound of nearby words or within a group of words."
],
"isRepeated": [
"esther.Consonant"
],
"label": [
"Alliteration"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Aliteracija",
"Alliteration"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Phonetic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"hasName": [
"Alliteration"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Mail. Message. More\" (Advertisement; with Assonance)",
"\"Two terrible tigers."
]
}
},
"Whole": {
"types": [
"LinguisticPosition"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"Whole"
]
}
},
"Phonetic": {
"types": [
"LinguisticGroup"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"Phonetic"
]
}
},
"Consonant": {
"types": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Consonant"
]
}
},
"Allusion": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"comment": [
"Allusions reference a well-known event/place/person. It helps to see a broader picture, or to evoke positive/negative feelings, or to add credibility. Requires the audience to understand the reference. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Allusion"
],
"hasName": [
"Allusion"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Allusion",
"Aluzija"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Chocolate was her Achilles\u2019 heel\"",
"\"Is America facing a second Vietnam?\u201d (Article of the FAZ)",
"\"We've got an Einstein over here\""
],
"anotherElementWithSimilarMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement",
"esther.WordElement"
]
}
},
"Amphiboly": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"isOmitted": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"comment": [
"Ambiguity of grammatical structure, often occasioned by mispunctuation. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Amphiboly"
],
"hasName": [
"Amphiboly"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Amfibolija",
"Amphibolie"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Mercedes - a good star on all streets\" (Advertisement)"
],
"Moves": [
"esther.WordElement"
]
}
},
"Amplification": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Paragraph",
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Stanza"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.Sentence"
],
"comment": [
"What was said is repeated while more detail and information is added to the original description. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Amplification"
],
"hasName": [
"Amplification"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Amplification",
"Amplifikacija"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"additionalElementWithStrongerMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement",
"esther.SentenceElement"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfThought"
],
"isExample": [
"\"The Earth\u2019s climate has indeed changed over time \u2013 time that is measured in eons rather than years\u201d (McGuigan)"
]
}
},
"SentenceElement": {
"types": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Sentence"
],
"label": [
"SentenceElement"
]
}
},
"FigureOfThought": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalGroup"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"FigureOfThought"
]
}
},
"Anacoluthon": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"comment": [
"A grammatical interruption or lack of implied sequence within a sentence. That is, beginning a sentence in a way that Implies a certain logical resolution, but concluding it differently than the grammar leads one to expect. Anacoluthon can be either a grammatical fault or a stylistic virtue, depending on its use. In either case, it is an interruption or a verbal lack of symmetry. Anacolouthon is characteristic of spoken language or interior thought, and thus suggests those domains when it occurs in writing (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Anacoluthon"
],
"hasName": [
"Anacoluthon"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Anakolut",
"Anakoluth"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"isExample": [
"Athletes convicted of drug-related crimes \u2014are they to be forgiven with just a slap on the wrist? (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfDifferentForm": [
"esther.WordObject"
]
}
},
"Syntactic": {
"types": [
"LinguisticGroup"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"Syntactic"
]
}
},
"Anadiplosis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Paragraph",
"esther.Stanza"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject",
"esther.VerseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.BeginningAndEnd"
],
"comment": [
"Anadiplosis is the repetition of a word/phrase of the end of a sentence at the beginning of the next sentence. It can have a beautiful sound and emphasizes the key words. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Anadiplosis"
],
"hasName": [
"Anadiplosis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Anadiplosis",
"Palilogija",
"Synonym: Epanastrophe"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"Strength through purity, purity through faith. (Chancellor Adam Susan, V for Vendetta)",
"They call for you: The general who became a slave; the slave who became a gladiator; the gladiator who defied an Emperor. (Commodus, Gladiator)"
],
"isRepeatableElementOfSameForm": [
"esther.PhraseElement",
"esther.WordElement"
],
"implies": [
"esther.Ploke"
]
}
},
"Ploke": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"comment": [
"Perfect lexical repetition of a word/phrase without any further constraints"
],
"label": [
"Ploke"
],
"hasName": [
"Ploke"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Conduplicatio",
"Epanalepse",
"Ploce",
"Ploche"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isRepeatableElementOfSameForm": [
"esther.WordElement"
]
}
},
"BeginningAndEnd": {
"types": [
"LinguisticPosition"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"BeginningAndEnd"
],
"label": [
"BeginningAndEnd"
]
}
},
"Anaphora": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Stanza"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject",
"esther.Syncope",
"esther.VerseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Beginning"
],
"comment": [
"Repetition of a word/phrase at the beginning of multiple sentences. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Anaphora"
],
"hasName": [
"Anaphora"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Anafora",
"Anapher"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"I have a dream that one day [\u2026]. I have a dream [\u2026]\"\" (Martin Luther King)"
],
"isRepeatableElementOfSameForm": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"implies": [
"esther.Ploke"
]
}
},
"Syncope": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.Word"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Middle"
],
"comment": [
"Cutting letters or syllables from the middle of a word. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Syncope"
],
"hasName": [
"Syncope"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Sinkopa",
"Synkope"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Morphological",
"esther.Phonetic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"When \"library\" is pronounced \"libary"
],
"isOmitted": [
"esther.Letter"
]
}
},
"Beginning": {
"types": [
"LinguisticPosition"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Beginning"
],
"label": [
"Beginning"
]
}
},
"Anastrophe": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Phrase"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"comment": [
"Departure from normal word order for the sake of emphasis.\nAnastrophe is most often a synonym for hyperbaton, but is occasionally referred to as a more specific instance of hyperbaton: the changing of the position of only a single word. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Anastrophe"
],
"hasName": [
"Anastrophe"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Anastrophe"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"She looked at the sky dark and menacing.\"(Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"implies": [
"esther.Hyperbaton"
]
}
},
"Hyperbaton": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isInObject",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticObject"
},
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"comment": [
"Hyperbaton arranges the words in a sentence in an unexpected order to make certain parts stand out. Often, and adjective is put after a noun, or the verb is at the end of a sentence. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Hyperbaton"
],
"hasName": [
"Hyperbaton"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Hiperbat",
"Hiperbaton",
"Hyperbaton"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"You have to admit is was a long year, but bearable\u201d (McGuigan)"
],
"Moves": [
"esther.Whole",
"esther.WordObject"
]
}
},
"Anticlimax": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Paragraph",
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Stanza",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.SentenceObject",
"esther.VerseObject"
],
"comment": [
"Downwards gradatio"
],
"label": [
"Anticlimax"
],
"hasName": [
"Anticlimax"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Antiklimax"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfThought"
],
"isExample": [
"\"First we lost the world, then the city, then the village.\""
],
"isRepeatableElementOfDifferentForm": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"isRepeatableElementOfSameForm": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"implies": [
"esther.Gradatio"
]
}
},
"Gradatio": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Paragraph",
"esther.Stanza"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.SentenceObject",
"esther.VerseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.BeginningAndEnd"
],
"comment": [
"\"A Gradatio is a series whose members overlap but need not possess the same quality.\" (Fahnenstock). Gradatio is a progressive Anadiplosis (Lausberg)"
],
"label": [
"Gradatio"
],
"hasName": [
"Gradatio"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Gradacija",
"Gradation"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfThought"
],
"isExample": [
"\"He is my friend, my angel, my god\" (Friedrich Schiller: Die Raeuber)"
],
"isRepeatableElementOfDifferentForm": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"isRepeatableElementOfSameForm": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"implies": [
"esther.Anadiplosis"
]
}
},
"Antimetabole": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSymmetrical"
],
"comment": [
"Repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order."
],
"label": [
"Antimetabole"
],
"hasName": [
"Antimetabole"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Antimetabola",
"Antimetabole"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Billionaires need the working class. The working class does not need billionaires.\" (Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (on Twitter)\n(Antithetical Antimetabole)",
"\"Don't ask what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country\" (John F. Kennedy)"
],
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfDifferentKind": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"implies": [
"esther.Chiasmus",
"esther.Ploke"
]
}
},
"Chiasmus": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject"
],
"anotherElementOfOppositeMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSymmetrical"
],
"comment": [
"Repetition of ideas in inverted order\nRepetition of grammatical structures in inverted order.(Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Chiasmus"
],
"hasName": [
"Chiasmus"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Chiasmus",
"Hijazam"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Die Kunst ist lang, und kurz ist unser Leben\u201d (Goethe: Faust)",
"\"It is boring to eat; to sleep is fulfilling\" (Silva Rhetoricae)",
"\"The city is big, small is the wage\""
]
}
},
"WholeSymmetrical": {
"types": [
"LinguisticPosition"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"WholeSymmetrical"
]
}
},
"Antithesis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.WordObject"
],
"anotherElementOfOppositeMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement",
"esther.WordElement"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"comment": [
"Antithesis shows contrast in ideas by using contrasting words. It has a natural beauty to the human ear because antithesis organizes ideas that they are evocative and powerful. Often, the two parts of a sentence have a parallel structure. Both opposing key words or whole sentences are possible (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Antithesis"
],
"hasName": [
"Antithesis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Antiteza",
"Antithesis"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfThought"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Less is more\"",
"\"One small step for a man, a giant leap for mankind\" (Neil Armstrong)"
]
}
},
"Antonomasia": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Paragraph",
"esther.Phrase",
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Stanza",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.SentenceObject",
"esther.VerseObject"
],
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfSameMeaning": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"comment": [
"Substituting a descriptive phrase for a proper name, or substituting a proper name for a quality associated with it. (=periphrasis). (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Antonomasia"
],
"hasName": [
"Antonomasia"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Antonomasie",
"Periphrasis"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Pragmatic",
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"City of Seven Hills\" instead of Rome",
"\"He proved a Judas to the cause. \" (Silva Rhetoricae)",
"\"The holy land\" instead of Israel\""
]
}
},
"Aphaeresis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Word"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Beginning"
],
"isOppositeFigure": [
"esther.Apocope"
],
"comment": [
"The omission of a syllable or letter at the beginning of a word.(Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Aphaeresis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Afereza",
"Aphaerese"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Phonetic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"hasName": [
"Aphaeresis"
],
"isExample": [
"\"The king hath cause to 'plain\" (Shakespeare's King Lear)",
"What's the third R? Rithmetic!"
],
"isOmitted": [
"esther.Letter"
]
}
},
"Word": {
"types": [
"LinguisticScope"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Word"
],
"label": [
"Word"
]
}
},
"Letter": {
"types": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Letter"
],
"label": [
"Letter"
]
}
},
"Apocope": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Word"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.End"
],
"isOppositeFigure": [
"esther.Aphaeresis",
"esther.Prothesis"
],
"comment": [
"Omitting a letter or syllable at the end of a word"
],
"label": [
"Apocope"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Apokopa",
"Apokope"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Morphological",
"esther.Phonetic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"hasName": [
"Apocope"
],
"isExample": [
"When Maro says \"Achilli\" for \"Achillis\""
],
"isOmitted": [
"esther.Letter"
]
}
},
"End": {
"types": [
"LinguisticPosition"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"Ende"
]
}
},
"Morphological": {
"types": [
"LinguisticGroup"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"Morphological"
]
}
},
"Prothesis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Word"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Beginning"
],
"anotherElementWithDifferentMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.Letter"
],
"isOppositeFigure": [
"esther.Aphaeresis"
],
"comment": [
"The addition of a letter or syllable to the beginning of a word. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Prothesis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Prosthese",
"Proteza",
"Prothese"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Phonetic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"hasName": [
"Prothesis"
],
"isExample": [
"Adown we tumbled. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
]
}
},
"Aposiopesis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfTransferredMeaning": [
"esther.PunctuationMark"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.End"
],
"comment": [
"Breaking off suddenly in the middle of speaking, usually to portray being overcome with emotion. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Aposiopesis"
],
"hasName": [
"Aposiopesis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Aposiopesis",
"Aposiopeza"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfThought"
],
"isExample": [
"\"\"Have you..?\u201d",
"\"Did you...?\"",
"\"If I get my hands on you...\""
]
}
},
"PunctuationMark": {
"types": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"PunctuationMark"
]
}
},
"Apostrophe": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Paragraph",
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Stanza",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Beginning"
],
"comment": [
"Apostrophe breaks out of the flow to address a person or personified object. It is a forceful and emotional figure. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Apostrophe"
],
"hasName": [
"Apostrophe"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Apostrofa",
"Apostrophe"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Pragmatic",
"esther.Semantical"
],
"additionalElementWithStrongerMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfThought"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Oh god, what a mess\u201d",
"\"The sun set over Paris - Paris my first love\" (McGuigan)"
]
}
},
"Assonance": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.VerseObject",
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"comment": [
"Repetition of similar vowel sounds, preceded and followed by different consonants, in the stressed syllables of adjacent words. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Assonance"
],
"hasName": [
"Assonance"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Asonanca",
"Assonanze"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Phonetic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"She seems to beam rays of sunshine with her eyes of green."
],
"isRepeatableElementOfSameForm": [
"esther.Vowel"
]
}
},
"Vowel": {
"types": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Vowel"
],
"label": [
"Vowel"
]
}
},
"Asyndeton": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSuccessiveWithoutConjunction"
],
"anotherElementWithDifferentMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"comment": [
"Asyndeton leaves out conjunctions in a list or between clauses. It gives a feeling if fast movement. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Asyndeton"
],
"hasName": [
"Asyndeton"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Asident",
"Asidesther",
"Asyndeton"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Going fast, they leave the road, they enter the fields.\"",
"\"Veni, Vidi, Vici\""
]
}
},
"WholeSuccessiveWithoutConjunction": {
"types": [
"LinguisticPosition"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"WholeSuccessiveWithoutConjunction"
]
}
},
"Brachylogia": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"comment": [
"The absence of conjunctions between single words. The effect of brachylogia is a broken, hurried delivery. Similar to asyndeton. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Brachylogia"
],
"hasName": [
"Brachylogia"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Brachylogie"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"isExample": [
"Phillip! Rise! Eat! Leave!"
],
"isOmitted": [
"esther.WordElement"
]
}
},
"Catachresis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequent"
],
"anotherElementWithDifferentMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"comment": [
"The use of a word in a context that differs from its proper application. (Silva Rhetoricae) Also called dead metaphors (Berner)"
],
"label": [
"Catachresis"
],
"hasName": [
"Catachresis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Katachrese",
"Katahreza"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"I do not ask much:\nI beg cold comfort...\""
],
"implies": [
"esther.Metaphor"
]
}
},
"Metaphor": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequent"
],
"anotherElementOfTransferredMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"comment": [
"A metaphor compares two things from a different domain. It can convey literal, emotional, or psychological truths. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Metaphor"
],
"hasName": [
"Metaphor"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Metafora",
"Metapher"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Flood of refugees\"",
"\"Heart of gold\", \"Heart of stone\"",
"\"His words cut deep as a knife\"",
"No man is an island \u2014John Donne"
]
}
},
"Climax": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequent"
],
"comment": [
"Climax organizes ideas from the least to the most important. Often, it uses parallelism. By keeping the same form, readers see things in progression. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Climax"
],
"hasName": [
"Climax"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Klimax"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Pragmatic",
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Curiosity leads to discovery, lead to knowledge, leads to wisdom\u201d (McGuigan)",
"\"From concept, to plan, to fully developed paper\u201d (McGuigan)",
"\"The message was spread in every village, every city, every country.\""
],
"implies": [
"esther.Anadiplosis",
"esther.Gradatio",
"esther.Incrementum"
]
}
},
"Incrementum": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Paragraph",
"esther.Stanza"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.SentenceObject",
"esther.VerseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequent"
],
"comment": [
"\"Similar to a climax: Arranging words/phrases in a sequence of increasing force. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Incrementum"
],
"hasName": [
"Incrementum"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Inkrementum"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Thus a proud man is called Lucifer, a drunkard a swine, an angry man mad.\"\" "
]
}
},
"Comparison": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequentWithConjunction"
],
"anotherElementOfTransferredMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"comment": [
"Two things that are related are compared. It creates suggestive imagery and gives more details on objects. The key subject comes first, linked with the word \"like\u201d to the second noun. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Simile"
],
"hasName": [
"Comparison"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Comparatio",
"Comparison",
"Komparacija",
"Poredjenje",
"Similitudo"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Cold as ice\"",
"\"Swim like a fish",
"\"he is bright like Alaska in Winter\""
]
}
},
"WholeSubsequentWithConjunction": {
"types": [
"LinguisticPosition"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"WholeSubsequentWithConjunction"
]
}
},
"Conversion": {
"types": [
"LinguisticOperation"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"Conversion"
]
}
},
"Correctio": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"comment": [
"The amending of a term or phrase just employed; or, a futher specifying of meaning, especially by indicating what something is not (which may occur either before or after the term or phrase used). A kind of redefinition, often employed as a parenthesis (an interruption) or as a climax. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Correctio"
],
"hasName": [
"Correctio"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Correctio"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Pragmatic",
"esther.Semantical"
],
"additionalElementWithStrongerMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"I desire not your love, but your submissive obedience.\" (Silva Rhetoricae)"
]
}
},
"Dialogismus": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Stanza",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.VerseObject"
],
"comment": [
"Speaking as someone else, either to bring in others' points of view into one's own speech, or to conduct a pseudo-dialog through taking up an opposing position with oneself. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Dialogismus"
],
"hasName": [
"Dialogismus"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Dialogismus"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"This is merely an oversight,\" he tells us. \"It is no crime.\" But I say, when an oversight takes such dimensions as these, it is indeed a crime.\"(Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"anotherElementAsQuestionIsAdded": [
"esther.SentenceElement"
],
"Connects": [
"esther.SentenceElement"
]
}
},
"Ellipsis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"comment": [
"Omission of a word or short phrase easily understood in context. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Ellipsis"
],
"hasName": [
"Ellipsis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Elipsa",
"Ellipse",
"Izostavljanje"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"isExample": [
"\"John forgives Mary and Mary, John.\"",
"\"The average person thinks he isn't.\" \u2013Father Larry Lorenzoni"
],
"isOmitted": [
"esther.PhraseElement",
"esther.WordElement"
]
}
},
"Emphasis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSymmetrical"
],
"comment": [
"Giving prominence to a quality or trait by conceiving it as constituting the very substance in which it inheres. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Emphasis"
],
"hasName": [
"Emphasis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Emfaza",
"Emphase"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\" Just look out, you, who look out for yourself so profitably.\" (Ad Herennium)"
],
"isRepeatableElementOfSameForm": [
"esther.WordElement"
]
}
},
"Enallage": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"comment": [
"The substitution of grammatically different but semantically equivalent constructions. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Enallage"
],
"hasName": [
"Enallage"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Enalaga",
"Enallage"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"I consumed the triple-decker pizza\" (active verb)\nthrough enallage of mood is transformed to:\n\"The triple-decker pizza was consumed by me\" (passive verb). (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfDifferentForm": [
"esther.WordElement"
]
}
},
"Enumeratio": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"additionalElementWithSameMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Stanza",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"comment": [
"Enumeratio supplies a list of details about something. It can be a simple list or the parts of the sentences can be connected with greater details. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Enumeratio"
],
"hasName": [
"Enumeratio"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Enumeration"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Pragmatic",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"additionalElementWithStrongerMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"I went to the mall, the park, the river, the salon.\"(McGuigan)",
"There are three main reasons we should pay attention to this: first, the impact [\u2026]. Second, we have a responsibility [\u2026]; and third, [\u2026], politicians will have carte blanche to do whatever they choose.\u201d (McGuigan)"
]
}
},
"Epanalepsis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Paragraph",
"esther.Stanza"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject",
"esther.VerseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.BeginningAndEnd"
],
"comment": [
"Repetition of the same word or clause after intervening matter. More strictly, repetition at the end of a line, phrase, or clause of the word or words that occurred at the beginning of the same line, phrase, or clause. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Epanalepsis"
],
"hasName": [
"Epanalepsis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Epanadiplose"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"In times like these, it is helpful to remember that there have always been times like these.\" (Paul Harvey)"
],
"isRepeatableElementOfSameForm": [
"esther.PhraseElement",
"esther.WordElement"
],
"implies": [
"esther.Ploke"
]
}
},
"Epanodos": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSymmetrical"
],
"comment": [
"Repeating the main terms of an argument in the course of presenting it.\nReturning to the main theme after a digression\nReturning to and providing additional detail for items mentioned previously (often using parallelism). (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Epanodos"
],
"hasName": [
"Epanodos"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Epanodos"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"isExample": [
"Love, hope, and death, do stir in me such strife,\nAs never man but I led such a life:\nFor burning love doth wound my heart to death:\nAnd when death comes at call of inward grief,\nCold lingering hope doth feed my fainting breath:\nAgainst my will, and yields my wound relief,\nSo that I live, and yet my life is such:\nAs never death could grieve me half so much"
]
}
},
"Epenthesis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Word"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Middle"
],
"comment": [
"The addition of a letter, sound, or syllable to the middle of a word. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Epenthesis"
],
"hasName": [
"Epenthesis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Epenteza",
"Epenthese"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Morphological",
"esther.Phonetic"
],
"additionalElementWithStrongerMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.Letter"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"When \"realtor\" is pronounced \"realator\" (Silva Rhetoricae)",
"When \"sherbet\" is pronounced \"sherbert\" (Silva Rhetoricae)"
]
}
},
"Middle": {
"types": [
"LinguisticPosition"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"Middle"
]
}
},
"Epiphora": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Stanza"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.VerseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.End"
],
"isOppositeFigure": [
"esther.Anaphora"
],
"comment": [
"Repetition of a word/phrase at the end of multiple sentences. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Epiphora"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Epifora",
"Epipher",
"Epistrophe",
"Epistrophe"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"hasName": [
"Epiphora"
],
"isExample": [
"\"I am an American, he is an American, and everybody here is an American\"",
"\"My name is Bond. James Bond.\" (James Bond)"
],
"isRepeatableElementOfSameForm": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"implies": [
"esther.Ploke"
]
}
},
"Epitheton": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Phrase",
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.WordObject"
],
"anotherElementOfTransferredMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
],
"comment": [
"Attributing to a person or thing a quality or description\u2014sometimes by the simple addition of a descriptive adjective; sometimes through a descriptive or metaphorical apposition. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Epitheton",
"Epitheton Ornans"
],
"hasName": [
"Epitheton",
"Epitheton Ornans"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Epitet",
"Epitheton",
"Ukrasni Pridev"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Pragmatic",
"esther.Semantical",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Loving god\"",
"\"The magnificent seven\" (movie title)",
"rosy-fingered dawn; swift-footed Achilles (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"anotherElementWithSimilarMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordElement"
]
}
},
"Epizeuxis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequent"
],
"comment": [
"Repetition of words with no others between, for vehemence or emphasis.(Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Epizeuxis"
],
"hasName": [
"Epizeuxis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Epizeusa",
"Epizeuxis"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"He, he it was who spelled my doom. \" (Silva Rhetoricae)",
"\"No! No! No! This can't be!\"",
"Hamlet: Words, words, words..."
],
"isRepeatableElementOfSameForm": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"implies": [
"esther.Asyndeton",
"esther.Ploke"
]
}
},
"Euphemism": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfWeakerMeaning": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
],
"comment": [
"Substituting a more favorable for a pejorative or socially delicate term. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Euphemism"
],
"hasName": [
"Euphemism"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Eufemizam",
"Euphemismus"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"To neutralizes someone instead of killing\""
]
}
},
"Exemplum": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"comment": [
"Exemplum provides an example to illustrate the point. It can strengthen your argument if the example is chosen well, in best case from a real-world example or at least plausible. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Exemplum"
],
"hasName": [
"Exemplum"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Exemplum",
"Primer"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfThought"
],
"isExample": [
"Once there was a boy who lived in a village. He liked to call out \"Wolf!\u201d and laugh as the villagers ran around in a panic, only to realize that there was no wolf at all. One day, the boy was playing in the forest, and ran into an actual wolf. He cried \"Wolf! Wolf!\u201d but no one believed him anymore. Everyone thought he was lying again, and no one came to save him."
],
"anotherElementWithSimilarMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
]
}
},
"Hendiadys": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"additionalElementWithSameMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"isInArea": [
"esther.Phrase",
"esther.Sentence"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"comment": [
"Expressing a single idea by two nouns instead of a noun and its qualifier. A method of amplification that adds force. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Hendiadys"
],
"hasName": [
"Hendiadys"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Hendiadyoin"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Forever and ever\"",
"\"He came despite the rain and weather.\" (Silva Rhetoricae)"
]
}
},
"Homoioteleuton": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.End"
],
"comment": [
" Similarity of endings of adjacent or parallel words. (Silva Rhetoricae) "
],
"label": [
"Homoioteleuton"
],
"hasName": [
"Homoioteleuton"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Homoeteleuton",
"Homoioteleuton",
"Homoioteleuton"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Morphological",
"esther.Phonetic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"He is esteemed eloquent which can invent wittily, remember perfectly, dispose orderly, figure diversly [sic], pronounce aptly, confirme strongly, and conclude directly (Peacham)"
],
"isRepeatableElementOfSameForm": [
"esther.Letter"
]
}
},
"Hypallage": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject"
],
"anotherElementWithDifferentMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement",
"esther.WholeSubsequent"
],
"comment": [
"Shifting the application of words. Mixing the order of which words should correspond with which others. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Hypallage"
],
"hasName": [
"Hypallage"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Enallage",
"Hipalaga",
"Hypallage",
"Metonymie"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"Come stay with me and dine not. (Silva Rhetoricae)",
"Darksome wandering by the solitary night (instead of \"Solitary wandering by the darksome night\") \u2014Angel Day"
]
}
},
"Hyperbole": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequent"
],
"comment": [
"It consists of exaggerating some part of your statement in order to give it emphasis or focus. Hyperbole is never meant to be understood literally by the reader, and you should take great care to make sure its intent is apparent. There are few things more damaging to a writer's credibility than having hyperbole mistaken for fact, which destroys the point of the hyperbole. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Hyperbole"
],
"hasName": [
"Hyperbole"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Hiperbola",
"Hyperbel"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"additionalElementWithStrongerMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"At these words, the people became so silent you could hear a beating heart from across the room.\u201d (McGuigan)",
"\"Compared to the world during the last Ice Age, a Minnesota winter feels like spring in Hawaii.\u201d (McGuigan)",
"\"There are more reasons for NASA to fund a trip to Jupiter than there are miles in the journey.\u201d (McGuigan)"
]
}
},
"HysteronProteron": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"comment": [
"Disorder of time. (What should be first, isn't.) A kind of hyperbaton. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Hysteron Proteron"
],
"hasName": [
"Hysteron Proteron"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Hysteron Proteron"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Her husband is dead and greets her\" (Goethe: Faust)",
"\"Put on your shoes and socks.\""
]
}
},
"Irony": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isReplacedByElementOfOppositeMeaning": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"comment": [
"Speaking in such a way as to imply the contrary of what one says, often for the purpose of derision, mockery, or jest. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Irony"
],
"hasName": [
"Irony"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Ironie",
"Ironija"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"O villain! thou wilt be condemned into everlasting redemption for this.",
"Telling a quiet group, \"don't speak all at once\u201d"
]
}
},
"Isocolon": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"comment": [
"A series of similarly structured elements having the same length. A kind of parallelism. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Isocolon"
],
"hasName": [
"Isocolon"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Isocolon"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"In the name of the father, in the name of the son, and in the name of the holy ghost.\"",
"\"Veni, vidi, vici (I came, I saw, I conquered)\""
],
"isRepeatableElementOfSameForm": [
"esther.PhraseElement",
"esther.SentenceElement"
],
"implies": [
"esther.Parallelism"
]
}
},
"Parallelism": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse",
"esther.Whole"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject"
],
"anotherElementWithDifferentMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
],
"comment": [
"Parallelism uses the same structure for multiple parts of a sentence to link them. It makes a text easier to read and keeps long lists understandable. Often, parallelism refers to the syntax of the elements, but not necessarily. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Parallelism"
],
"hasName": [
"Parallelism"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Paralelizam",
"Parallelismus"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfThought"
],
"isExample": [
"No pain, no gain.",
"The mountains skipped like rams, and the little hills like lambs"
]
}
},
"Litotes": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.SentenceObject",
"esther.VerseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfWeakerMeaning": [
"esther.PhraseElement",
"esther.SentenceElement",
"esther.VerseElement"
],
"comment": [
"Litotes uses an opposite word to emphasizes its point. Litotes is used as understatement when describing achievements, so as not to seem arrogant. Litotes is also used to weaken a claim. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Litotes"
],
"hasName": [
"Litotes"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Litota",
"Litotes"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"He is not the smartest tool in the shed.\"",
"\"This is not bad\"",
"\"You are not unwelcome\""
]
}
},
"VerseElement": {
"types": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Verse"
],
"label": [
"VerseElement"
]
}
},
"Meiosis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"anotherElementOfOppositeMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"comment": [
"Reference to something with a name disproportionately lesser than its nature (a kind of litotes). (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Meiosis"
],
"hasName": [
"Meiosis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Meiosis"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Pragmatic",
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Missy\"",
"Said of an amputated leg.: \"It's just a flesh wound\"\n\u2014Monty Python and the Holy Grail"
]
}
},
"Metathesis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Word"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"comment": [
"The transposition of letters within a word. A kind of metaplasm (and sometimes a kind of paronomasia.) (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Metathesis"
],
"hasName": [
"Metathesis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Metateza",
"Metathese"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Morphological"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Elvis Lives in Evil Levis.\" (Silva Rhetoricae)",
"\"theatre\" becomes \"theater\"\n\"centre\" becomes \"center\""
],
"Moves": [
"esther.Letter"
]
}
},
"Metonymy": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfSimilarMeaning": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
],
"comment": [
"Metonymy refers to something closely related to the actual object. If no context is available it is often difficult what is actually referred to. Closely related to synecdoche (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Metonymy"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Metonimija",
"Metonymie"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"hasName": [
"Metonymy"
],
"isExample": [
"\"The crown (instead of monarchy)\u201d (McGuigan)",
"\"reading Goethe(Author instead book)\"",
"\"to drive a Porsche (Inventor instead of invention)\""
]
}
},
"Onomatopoeia": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfSameMeaning": [
"esther.PhraseElement",
"esther.WordElement"
],
"comment": [
"Using or inventing a word whose sound imitates that which it names (the union of phonetics and semantics). (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Onomatopoeia"
],
"hasName": [
"Onomatopoeia"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Onomatopeja",
"Onomatopoeie",
"Onomatopoesie"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Phonetic",
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Meow, woof, oink, moo\"",
"\"The buzzing of innumerable bees\" (Silva Rhetoricae)"
]
}
},
"Oxymoron": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"anotherElementOfOppositeMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequent"
],
"comment": [
"Placing two ordinarily opposing terms adjacent to one another. A compressed paradox. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Oxymoron"
],
"hasName": [
"Oxymoron"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Oksimoron",
"Oxymoron"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Little big man\"",
"\"a living death\"",
"\"heavy lightness\""
]
}
},
"Parabola": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"comment": [
"The explicit drawing of a parallel between two essentially dissimilar things, especially with a moral or didactic purpose. A parable. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Parabola"
],
"hasName": [
"Parabola"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Parabel",
"Parabola"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Pragmatic",
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfThought"
],
"isExample": [
"It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God. (Mt 19.24 qtd. in Garrett Epp)"
],
"implies": [
"esther.Metaphor"
]
}
},
"Paradoxon": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject"
],
"anotherElementOfOppositeMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.WholeSubsequent"
],
"comment": [
"A statement that is self-contradictory on the surface, yet seems to evoke a truth nonetheless. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Paradoxon"
],
"hasName": [
"Paradoxon"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Paradoks",
"Paradox"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfThought"
],
"isExample": [
"\"I know that I don't know\u201d",
"\"Less is more\"",
"\"Whosoever loses his life, shall find it.\" (Silva Rhetoricae)"
]
}
},
"Paralipsis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Phrase",
"esther.Sentence"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"anotherElementOfOppositeMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Beginning"
],
"comment": [
"Stating and drawing attention to something in the very act of pretending to pass it over. A kind of irony."
],
"label": [
"Paralipsis"
],
"hasName": [
"Paralipsis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Paralipse"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Pragmatic",
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"I do not want to talk about that ... \"",
"\"There's a lot to say about politics, but let's not!\"",
"We will not speak of all Queequeg's peculiarities here; how he eschewed coffee and hot rolls, and applied his undivided attention to beefsteaks, done rare. \u2014Moby Dick \"Breakfast\""
]
}
},
"Parenthesis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeWithInterruption"
],
"anotherElementWithDifferentMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
],
"comment": [
"Parenthesis inserts additional information by using either actual parentheses/dashes/commas. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Parenthesis"
],
"hasName": [
"Parenthesis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Parenteza",
"Parenthese"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfThought"
],
"isExample": [
"\"The governor \u2013 fool that he is \u2013 vetoed the bill even after it passed both hourses of the legislature unanimously. (McGuigan)"
]
}
},
"WholeWithInterruption": {
"types": [
"LinguisticPosition"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"WholeWithInterruption"
]
}
},
"Paronomasia": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"comment": [
"Using words that sound alike but that differ in meaning (punning). (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Paronomasia"
],
"hasName": [
"Paronomasia"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Annominatio",
"Paronomasie",
"Paronomazija"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Morphological",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"isExample": [
"\"A pun is its own reword.\" (Silva Rhetoricae)",
"\"Urbi et orbi\" (Pope)",
"\"were it not here apparent that thou art heir apparent\" (Shakespeare: Henry IV)"
],
"isRepeatableElementOfDifferentKind": [
"esther.WordElement"
]
}
},
"Periphrasis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Word"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfSameMeaning": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
],
"comment": [
"The substitution of a descriptive word or phrase for a proper name (a species of circumlocution); or, conversely, the use of a proper name as a shorthand to stand for qualities associated with it. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Periphrasis"
],
"hasName": [
"Periphrasis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Antonomazija",
"Cirkumlokucija",
"Perifraza",
"Periphrase"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"He's no Fabio to look at; but then, he's no Woody Allen, either.\" (Silva Rhetoricae)",
"\"mender of bad soles\" for shoemaker",
"In the TV show \"Dinosaurs\" the infant dino called his father, \"Not-the-Mama.\" (Silva Rhetoricae)"
]
}
},
"Personification": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"anotherElementOfTransferredMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement",
"esther.WordElement"
],
"comment": [
"Human attributes are assigned to non-human things, e.g., animals, objects, concepts. It is easier to express abstract concepts with familiar human characteristics. Often, personification seems so natural that it is hardly recognized. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Personification"
],
"hasName": [
"Personification"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Anthropomorphismus",
"Personifikacija",
"Personifikation",
"Prosopoeie"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"The wind whistles\"",
"\"heaven cries\""
]
}
},
"Pleonasm": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"additionalElementWithSameMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequent"
],
"comment": [
"Use of more words than is necessary semantically. Rhetorical repetition that is grammatically superfluous."
],
"label": [
"Pleonasm"
],
"hasName": [
"Pleonasm"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Pleonasmus",
"Pleonazam"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"A free gift\"",
"\"She talked with her mouth\" (Virgil)",
"\"With these very eyes I saw him do it. \"(Silva Rhetoricae)"
]
}
},
"Polyptoton": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"comment": [
"Repeating a word, but in a different form. Using a cognate of a given word in close proximity. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Polyptoton"
],
"hasName": [
"Polyptoton"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Poliptoton",
"Polyptoton"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Morphological",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"isExample": [
"\"And singin still dost soar, and soaring ever singest\" (Shelley: To a Skylark)",
"\"Which turned the rock into a standing water, the flint into a fountain of waters\""
],
"isRepeatableElementOfDifferentForm": [
"esther.WordElement"
]
}
},
"Polysyndeton": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequentWithConjunction"
],
"anotherElementWithDifferentMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"isOppositeFigure": [
"esther.Asyndeton"
],
"comment": [
"Polysyndeton is the opposite of asyndeton, with an almost hypnotic rhythm forming quite quickly. The items are all connected by a conjunction. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Polysyndeton"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Polysyndeton"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"hasName": [
"Polysyndeton"
],
"isExample": [
"\"I wore a sweater, and a hat, and a scarf, and a pair of boots, and mittens\""
]
}
},
"Prolepsis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequent"
],
"anotherElementIsAddedAsPositiveAnswer": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
],
"comment": [
"Speaking of something future as though already done or existing. A figure of anticipation. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Prolepsis"
],
"hasName": [
"Prolepsis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Paronomasia",
"Preduhitrenje",
"Procatalepsis",
"Prolepsa",
"Prolepse"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfThought"
],
"isExample": [
"Oh, I am a dead man!\nObviously, the speaker refers less to the actuality of the moment as he does to the near future. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
]
}
},
"Prosopopoeia": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Paragraph",
"esther.Stanza"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"anotherElementOfTransferredMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement",
"esther.SentenceElement"
],
"comment": [
"Related to personification, often synonym. Prosopopoeia gives things a voice/speak for someone absent (Garret Epp)."
],
"label": [
"Prosopopoeia"
],
"hasName": [
"Prosopopoeia"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Prosopopoeie",
"Prozopopeja"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"The very stones of the streets speak your wickedness. The mountains clap their hands, and the hills sing for joy.\" (Holmes)"
],
"implies": [
"esther.Personification"
]
}
},
"RhetoricalQuestion": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Paragraph",
"esther.Stanza"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"comment": [
"Rhetorical questions imply the answer. The speaker tells the audience something they already know. Often, a rhetorical question can be answered by \"yes\u201d or \"no\u201d, but in all cases, the answer should be obvious. By letting the audience answer the question by themselves, it will strengthen and emphasize the argument. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"RhetoricalQuestion"
],
"hasName": [
"RhetoricalQuestion"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Retorickopitanje",
"Rhetorische Frage"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Pragmatic",
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfThought"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Are you serious?",
"\"Who wouldn't want to be a millionaire?\""
],
"anotherElementAsQuestionIsAdded": [
"esther.SentenceElement"
]
}
},
"Sarcasmus": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalFigure"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Paragraph",
"esther.Stanza"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject",
"esther.VerseObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequent"
],
"comment": [
"Use of mockery, verbal taunts, or bitter irony. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Sarcasmus"
],
"hasName": [
"Sarcasmus"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Sarkasmus",
"Sarkazam"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"If you be the son of God, descend from the cross \u2014Matt. 27"
],
"AnotherWeakerNegativeMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.SentenceElement",
"esther.VerseElement"
]
}
},
"Shortening": {
"types": [
"LinguisticOperation"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"Shortening"
]
}
},
"Sonant": {
"types": [
"LinguisticElement"
],
"properties": {
"hasName": [
"Sonant"
],
"label": [
"Sonant"
]
}
},
"Syllepsis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.End"
],
"comment": [
"When a single word that governs or modifies two or more others must be understood differently with respect to each of those words. A combination of grammatical parallelism and semantic incongruity, often with a witty or comical effect. Not to be confused with zeugma. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Syllepsis"
],
"hasName": [
"Syllepsis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Silepsa",
"Syllepse"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"isExample": [
"In the following example, \"rend\" governs both objects, but the first rending is figurative; the second, literal:\nRend your heart, and not your garments. Joel 2:13 (Silva Rhetoricae)",
"You held your breath and the door for me\n\u2014Alanis Morissette"
],
"isOmitted": [
"esther.WordElement"
]
}
},
"Symploke": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"see": [
"Complexio"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Beginning",
"esther.End"
],
"comment": [
"Combination of Anaphora and Epiphora/Epistrophe."
],
"label": [
"Symploke"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Simploha",
"Simploka",
"Symploce"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Morphological",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"All through industry, all for industry\" (Claude-Henry des Saint-Simon)"
],
"isRepeatableElementOfSameForm": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"implies": [
"esther.Anaphora",
"esther.Epiphora",
"esther.Ploke"
]
}
},
"Synecdoche": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Whole"
],
"isReplacedByAnotherElementOfSameMeaning": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
],
"comment": [
"Synecdoche is the use of a part of something to represent the whole. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Synecdoche"
],
"hasName": [
"Synecdoche"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Sinegdoha",
"Synekdoche"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.Trope"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Austria wins the games\" (instead of: the austrian team)",
"\"The captain shouted, \u2018All hands on deck.\u2019\u201d (McGuigan) (hands instead of crew members)"
]
}
},
"Synonymia": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequentWithConjunction"
],
"comment": [
"In general, the use of several synonyms together to amplify or explain a given subject or term. A kind of repetition that adds emotional force or intellectual clarity. Synonymia often occurs in parallel fashion. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Synonymia"
],
"hasName": [
"Synonymia"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Sinonimija",
"Synonymie"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Author and Writer\"",
"You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things! (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"anotherElementWithSimilarMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordElement"
]
}
},
"Tautology": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.PhraseObject",
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSuccessiveWithoutConjunction"
],
"comment": [
"The repetition of the same idea in different words, but (often) in a way that is wearisome or unnecessary."
],
"label": [
"Tautology"
],
"hasName": [
"Tautology"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Tautologie",
"Tautologija"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"If you have a friend, keepe your friend, for an old friend is to be preferred before a new friend, this I say to you as your friend. (Peacham)"
],
"anotherElementWithSimilarMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement",
"esther.WordElement"
]
}
},
"Tmesis": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.Middle"
],
"comment": [
"Interjecting a word or phrase between parts of a compound word or between syllables of a word. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Tmesis"
],
"hasName": [
"Tmesis"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Tmesis"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Morphological",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"isExample": [
"In the following sentence the word \"appear\" occurs between the two words that make up the compound \"hereafter.\"\nThis is the place where Christ will come, as will here appear after."
],
"Separates": [
"esther.SentenceElement"
]
}
},
"Transmission": {
"types": [
"LinguisticOperation"
],
"properties": {
"label": [
"Transmission"
]
}
},
"Tricolon": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"comment": [
"Three parallel elements of the same length occurring together in a series. (Silva Rhetoricae)"
],
"label": [
"Tricolon"
],
"hasName": [
"Tricolon"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Trikolon"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Semantical",
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"isExample": [
"\"Veni, vidi, vici\""
],
"Connects": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
]
}
},
"Zeugma": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence",
"esther.Verse"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.WordObject"
],
"isInPosition": [
"esther.WholeSubsequent"
],
"comment": [
"Zeugma connects unexpected items in a sentence by a shared word. It adds a feeling of interconnectedness and makes something appear as cohesive and pleasing to read. (McGuigan)"
],
"label": [
"Zeugma"
],
"hasName": [
"Zeugma"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Zeugma",
"Zeugma"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Syntactic"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfConstruction"
],
"isExample": [
"\"A daring fellow is the jewel of the world, and a man did split his father's middle with a single clout should have the bravery of ten\" (J.M. Synge: The Playboy of the Western World)",
"\"The man ran a hundred miles, but out of time.\" (McGuigan)"
],
"anotherElementWithSimilarMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.PhraseElement"
]
}
},
"?Aphorismus": {
"types": [
"RhetoricalFigure",
{
"onProperty": "isLinguisticGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "LinguisticGroup"
},
{
"onProperty": "isRhetoricalGroup",
"someValuesFrom": "RhetoricalGroup"
}
],
"properties": {
"isInArea": [
"esther.Sentence"
],
"isInObject": [
"esther.SentenceObject"
],
"comment": [
"Calling into question the proper use of a word."
],
"label": [
"Aphorismus"
],
"hasName": [
"Aphorismus"
],
"seeAlso": [
"Aphorismus"
],
"isLinguisticGroup": [
"esther.Pragmatic",
"esther.Semantical"
],
"additionalElementWithStrongerMeaningIsAdded": [
"esther.WordElement"
],
"isRhetoricalGroup": [
"esther.FigureOfSpeech"
],
"isExample": [
"\"You ran from a kitten? How can you call yourself a man?\""
]
}
}
}
}
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