Linux commands that I keep forgetting

editing text

sed:

to substitute something with something else:

sed "s/something/something_else/g" file.sh

the g in the right is for changing all occurrences in all lines, if it was not written, only the first occurrence of each line is replaced

sed example to substitute new lines with spaces:
sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ /g' file


awk:

# get only first column 

command | awk {'print $1'}

linux useful commands

These commands are made to backup a whole partition into one file "backup.tar.gz"

Backup:
    sudo tar -cvpzf backup.tar.gz --exclude=/backup.tar.gz --one-file-system /
    
Backup (excluding timeshift):
    sudo tar -cvpzf backup.tar.gz --exclude=/backup.tar.gz --exclude='/timeshift/*' --one-file-system / 
Restore:
    sudo tar -xvpzf /path/to/backup.tar.gz -C /restore/location --numeric-owner
----------------------
List hardware devices with their used driver

    lspci -knn  # for pci interfaces
    lsusb -v    # for usb interfaces
----------------------
List partitions with their mount points, UUID, filesystem, percentage of used and free space

    lsblk -f

List blockdevices with their most details

    blkid
    blkid | grep -v loop   <------------|   removes loop devices (fake/virtual devices)
----------------------                  |
Revert grep matches                     |
    grep -v  ex: -----------------------|
    
----------------------
Fix XFS:
    xfs_repair /dev/sda1
if there is an issue with logs and can't mount the partition as well:
    xfs_repair -L /dev/sda1      <--- destroys logs and might make the partition unusable (didn't encounter)
    
    
----------------------
To run a program using discrete GPU:
	DRI_PRIME=1 <command>
    

tips.sh

# use less +F instead of tail -f
# shortcuts inside less:
## ctrl + c to get out of follow mode
## shift + f to follow
## q to exit
# ----------------------

# long line temp editing for multiline editor
## ctrl + x + e

#-----------------------

# better alternative to ping that shows the traceroute 
## mtrs --curses 8.8.8.8