backbone-tutorial.md

Backbone.js and yeoman

description

this is a list tutorials for building web application using backbone.js and yeoman. We are building a Photo Gallery JS App from Backbone Fundamentals

Requirements

• Node.js
  • install from source
  • install via package manager
• Yeoman
  • manual install
  • windows install
    • windows support issues & discussion

Steps

backbone scaffolding

$ yeoman init backbone

.
|-app
|---scripts
|-----collections
|-----helpers
|-----models
|-----routes
|-----templates
|-----vendor
|-----views
|---styles
|-test
|---lib
|-----mocha-1.2.2
|---runner

.
|-Gruntfile.js
|-package.json
|-app/
|---404.html
|---favicon.ico
|---index.html
|---robots.txt
|---scripts/
|---main.js
|-----collections/
|-------application-collection.js
|-----helpers/
|-----models/
|-------application-model.js
|-----routes/
|-------application-router.js
|-----templates/
|-------application-collection.js
|-----vendor/
|-------backbone-min.js
|-------jquery.min.js
|-------lodash.min.js
|-----views/
|-------application-view.js
|---styles/
|-----main.css
|-test/
|---chai.js
|---expect.js
|---lib/
|-----mocha-1.2.2/
|-------mocha.js
|-------mocha.css
|---runner/
|-----mocha.js

what you got?

• html5 boilerplate

• TODO find out if [Modernizr] is included in yeoman init backbone:app

• js libraries

  • jquery
  • backbone
  • lodash what: functional programming library

• testing TODO rnd differences expect VS chai

  • expect what: assertion toolkit (BDD-style)
  • chai what: assertion library (TDD/BDD)
  • mocha what: test framework

• Build file Gruntfile.js what: build file configuration for Grunt See: https://github.com/gruntjs/grunt/blob/master/docs/getting_started.md TODO rnd, if we can use all grunt commands with yeoman similar to pom.xml in Apache Maven

• Project metadata /package.json what: metadata about your project, e.g. name, author, version, etc Node Package Manager use it. similar to pom.xml in Apache Maven

  example:

{
  "name" : "underscore",
  "description" : "JavaScript's functional programming helper library.",
  "homepage" : "<a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/"http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/</a",
  "keywords" : ["util", "functional", "server", "client", "browser"],
  "author" : "Jeremy Ashkenas <<a href="mailto:[email protected]"[email protected]</a>",
  "contributors" : [],
  "dependencies" : [],
  "repository" : {"type": "git", "url": "git://github.com/documentcloud/underscore.git"},
  "main" : "underscore.js",
  "version" : "1.1.6"
}

Models

create a model 'photo'

NOTES:

• domain specific
• manage structured application data
• examples: Book, Author, Person, Email, etc

$ yeoman init backbone:model photo

bbTut.Models.PhotoModel = Backbone.Model.extend({

  // default attributes for the model
  defaults: {
    'src': 'placeholder.png',
    'caption': 'A default image',
    'isViewed': false,
    'tags' : []
  },
  initialize: function() {
    console.log('init photo model...');
    console.log(JSON.stringify(this));
  }
});

In Action

• edit /app/index.html

  <!-- [...] -->
  <script src="scripts/models/photo-model.js"></script>

• edit /app/main.js

window.bbTut = {
  Models: {},
  Collections: {},
  Views: {},
  Routers: {},
  init: function() {
    console.log('Hello from Backbone!');
    new bbTut.Models.PhotoModel({
      src: 'placeholder.png',
      caption: 'Me at google i/o 2012',
      tags: ['#io12', '#io2012']
    });
  }
};

$(document).ready(function(){
  bbTut.init();
});

• $ yeoman server
• open Chrome http://localhost:3501
• open Chrome Developer Console

Hello from Backbone! main.js:7
init a photo model. photo-model.js:9
{"src":"placeholder.png","caption":"Me at Google I/O 2012","isViewed":false,"tags":["#io2012, #me, #google"]} photo-model.js:10

Collections

A collection is a set of models.

NOTES:

• grouping mechanismn
• instead to 'watch' each model, 'watch' collection.

$ yeoman init backbone:collection photo

bbTut.Collections.PhotoCollection = Backbone.Collection.extend({

  model: bbTut.PhotoModel,

  // return all photos that have been viewed.
  viewed: function() {
    return this.filter(function(photo) {
      return photo.get('isViewed');
    });
  },

  // return all photos that have _not_ been viewed.
  unviewed: function() {
    // see: http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#without
    return this.without.apply(this, this.viewed());
  }
});

In Action

• edit /app/index.html

  <!-- [...] -->
  <script src="scripts/models/photo-model.js"></script>

• edit /app/main.js

window.bbTut = {
  Models: {},
  Collections: {},
  Views: {},
  Routers: {},
  init: function() {
    console.log('Hello from Backbone!');
    new bbTut.Models.PhotoModel({
      src: 'me_at_io.png',
      caption: 'Me at google i/o 2012',
      tags: ['#io12', '#io2012']
    });

    new bbTut.Collections.PhotoCollection([{
      src: 'me_at_io.png',
      caption: 'Me at google i/o 2012',
      tags: ['#io12', '#io2012']
    },
    {
      src: 'fiz-karlsruhe-building.png',
      caption: 'FIZ Karlsruhe Main Building',
      tags: ['#fiz']
    }
    ]);
  }
};

$(document).ready(function() {
  bbTut.init();
});

• $ yeoman server
• open Chrome http://localhost:3501
• open Chrome Developer Console

Hello from Backbone! main.js:7
init a photo model. photo-model.js:9
{"src":"placeholder.png","caption":"Me at Google I/O 2012","isViewed":false,"tags":["#io2012, #me, #google"]} photo-model.js:10

Views

NOTES:

• visual representation of model.
• views observe models, models notify changes, views update themselves.
• user interact with views.
  • reading example: seeing image, read the caption, read a list of tags.
  • editing example: edit caption, replace image source, remove tag.
• 'dumb' : limited knowledge of models.

$ yeoman init backbone:view photo

Templating

Notes:

• create large HTML Markup in Memory through string concatenation is expensive

var html = "<ul>";
for(var x=0; x < people.length; ++x){
  var person = people[x];
  html += "<li>" + person.name + "</li>";
}

<ul>
  <li> <%= person.name => </li>
</ul>

• JS templating libs: Handlebar, Mustache, HAML, etc
• storage
  • inline, within script tags
    • using custom type : 'text/template'
    • e.g.

<script type="text/template">
  Hello <%= person.name =>
</script>

• external files
  • enables just-in-time loading

Comparison

Handlebars

<li class="photo">
  <h2>{{caption}}</h2>
  <img class="source" src="{{src}}"/>
  <div class="meta-data">
    {{metadata}}
  </div>
</li>

Underscore Microtemplates

<li class="photo">
  <h2>{{caption}}</h2>
  <img class="source" src="{{src}}"/>
  <div class="meta-data">
    {{metadata}}
  </div>
</li>

Controller

Router

Namespacing

Notes:

• avoid collisions with other object and variables in global namespaces. Example???
• JS does not have namespace feature
  • workaround: use closures

Namespacing

• Single global variables
• Object Literals
• Nested Namespacing