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Running headless android emulator on AWS EC2 Ubuntu instance (ARM64 / aarch64) - 2022
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| Android Emulator (ARM64) on EC2 - 2022 | |
| --------------------------------------- | |
| 1. Launch EC2 ARM based Instance (a1.metal / a1.2xlarge): (16 Gb RAM, 32Gb Disk), Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS (HVM) ARM x64 | |
| 2. sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade | |
| 3. sudo apt install default-jdk python3-pip repo python-is-python3 unzip libpcre2-dev adb | |
| 4. wget https://dl.google.com/android/repository/commandlinetools-linux-8512546_latest.zip | |
| 5. unzip commandlinetools-linux-8512546_latest.zip -d android-sdk | |
| 6. sudo mv android-sdk /opt/ | |
| 7. mkdir /opt/android-sdk/cmdline-tools/latest | |
| 8. mv /opt/android-sdk/cmdline-tools/* /opt/android-sdk/cmdline-tools/latest (ignore the error) | |
| 9. at this point you should have sdkmanager and avdmanager under /opt/android-sdk/cmdline-tools/latest/bin/ | |
| 10. echo "export ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=/opt/android-sdk" >> ~/.bashrc | |
| 11. echo "export ANDROID_HOME=/opt/android-sdk" >> ~/.bashrc | |
| 12. echo "export ANDROID_EMULATOR_WAIT_TIME_BEFORE_KILL=60" >> ~/.bashrc | |
| 13. echo "export PATH=$PATH:/opt/android-sdk/cmdline-tools/latest/bin" >> ~/.bashrc | |
| 14. source ~/.bashrc | |
| 15. sdkmanager --update | |
| 16. sdkmanager --licenses | |
| 17. cd /opt/android-sdk/ | |
| 18. Get emulator download link: | |
| - https://ci.android.com/builds/branches/aosp-emu-master-dev/grid? | |
| - column: emulator --> linux_aarch64 | |
| - click a green version | |
| - click Artifacts tab | |
| - click sdk-repo-linux_aarch64-emulator-[build number].zip (~1.6Gb) | |
| - Right-click the Download link (blue) and copy the download URL | |
| - A Relatively stable version (31.3.8 - 5/24/2022): https://ci.android.com/builds/submitted/8632828/emulator-linux_aarch64/latest/sdk-repo-linux_aarch64-emulator-8632828.zip | |
| 19 wget -O emulator.zip "[download URL]" | |
| 20. unzip emulator.zip | |
| 21. cd emulator | |
| 22. copy text from https://chromium.googlesource.com/android_tools/+/refs/heads/master/sdk/emulator/package.xml | |
| 23. nano /opt/android-sdk/emulator/package.xml --> paste copied text | |
| 24. cat source.properties --> get Emulator version number from Pkg.Revision (Example: Pkg.Revision=31.3.9) | |
| 25. update the following params in package.xml according to the version: <major>, <minor>, <micro> | |
| 26. sdkmanager "system-images;android-31;google_apis;arm64-v8a" | |
| 27. avdmanager -v create avd -f -n MyAVD -k "system-images;android-31;google_apis;arm64-v8a" -p "/opt/android-sdk/avd" | |
| 28. avdmanager list avd --> check that you have MyAVD | |
| 29. mkdir /opt/android-sdk/platforms | |
| 30. mkdir /opt/android-sdk/platform-tools | |
| 31. echo "Vulkan = off" >> ~/.android/advancedFeatures.ini | |
| 32. echo "GLDirectMem = on" >> ~/.android/advancedFeatures.ini | |
| 33. on Metal instance, enabled KVM access: | |
| - sudo gpasswd -a $USER kvm | |
| - logout and re-login | |
| - /opt/android-sdk/emulator/emulator -accel-check --> check accel:0, KVM (version 12) is installed and usable: accel | |
| Run the Emulator: | |
| ------------------ | |
| Metal instance: | |
| /opt/android-sdk/emulator/emulator @MyAVD -no-window -no-audio -ports 5554,5555 -skip-adb-auth -no-boot-anim -show-kernel | |
| Non-metal instance: | |
| /opt/android-sdk/emulator/emulator @MyAVD -no-window -no-audio -ports 5554,5555 -skip-adb-auth -no-boot-anim -show-kernel -qemu -cpu max -machine gic-version=max | |
| Notes: | |
| 1. Use an ARM based EC2 instance. A Metal instance will allow ARM to run on the host CPU (via KVM). A non-metal instance will do ARM emulation which is much slower (but works). | |
| 2. The Android Emulaotr isn't included in the sdk-tools for ARM, we download it separately. After we install and update its package file, we can use sdkmanager to download system images and other emultaor-dependant packages. | |
| 3. The platform-tools (adb, aapt2 etc.) aren't not available for ARM64. We install ADB with apt-get (see apt list android-sdk* for other available tools). | |
| 4. Make sure to create the /platforms and /platform-tools folders under /opt/android-sdk/ or the emulator will exit (folder can be empty). | |
| 5. First run on non-Metal instance might take 10-15 minutes. | |
| 6. Use "google_apis" system image and not "google_apis_playstore". The "google_apis_playstore" requires authentication to connect via ADB (adb devices will show "emulator-5554 offline") | |
| 7. In case of unstable images (crash with illegal instruction), try using the aosp_atd image (e.g. "system-images;android-30;aosp_atd;arm64-v8a") | |
| Android Emulator HW options: | |
| ---------------------------- | |
| nano /opt/android-sdk/avd/config.ini | |
| nano ~/.android/avd/MyAVD.ini | |
| Specific parameters to consider: | |
| hw.ramSize=2048M | |
| disk.dataPartition.size=2048M | |
| Disabling the "Ok Google" Hotword detection (might cause 100% CPU on non-metal instance): | |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| adb shell "su root pm disable com.google.android.googlequicksearchbox" | |
| Note: run after Emulator fully loaded | |
| Connecting to Emulator console: | |
| ------------------------------- | |
| 1. get token from: /home/ubuntu/.emulator_console_auth_token | |
| 2. telnet 127.0.0.1 5554 | |
| 3. auth [token] | |
| 4. save snapshot: avd snapshot save default | |
| Manually setup system image (ex: android-32, Google APIs, ARM64): | |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| 1. https://dl.google.com/android/repository/sys-img/google_apis/arm64-v8a-32_r03.zip | |
| 2. mkdir /opt/android-sdk/system-images/android-32 | |
| 3. mkdir /opt/android-sdk/system-images/android-32/google_apis | |
| 4. unzip arm64-v8a-32_r03.zip /opt/android-sdk/system-images/android-32/google_apis | |
| image path: /opt/android-sdk/system-images/android-[api_version]/[api_type]/[arch_type] (/opt/android-sdk/system-images/android-32/google_apis/arm64-v8a) | |
| avdmanager -v create avd -f -n MyAVD2 -k "system-images;android-32;google_apis;arm64-v8a" -p "/opt/android-sdk/avd2" | |
| Useful ADB commands: | |
| -------------------- | |
| Connect: adb devices | |
| Install APK: adb install myapp.apk | |
| Uninstall app: adb uninstall com.package.name | |
| Start app: adb shell am start -n com.package.name/com.package.name.ActivityName | |
| Start app2: adb shell monkey -p com.package.name --pct-syskeys 0 -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER 1 | |
| Stop app: adb shell am force-stop com.package.name | |
| Disable package: adb shell "su root pm disable com.google.android.googlequicksearchbox" | |
| Uninstall package: adb shell "su root pm uninstall --user 0 com.google.android.googlequicksearchbox" | |
| Check if running: adb shell dumpsys activity | grep -i run | grep -i com.package.name | |
| Forward port: adb forward tcp:8888 tcp:8888 | |
| Kill emulator: adb -s emulator-5554 emu kill | |
| Links: | |
| ------ | |
| Emulator ARM builds: | |
| https://ci.android.com/builds/branches/aosp-emu-master-dev/grid? | |
| Specific: https://ci.android.com/builds/submitted/8664812/aarch64_sdk_tools_linux/latest/sdk-repo-linux_aarch64-emulator-8664812.zip | |
| ARM System images: | |
| Google API Images: https://androidsdkoffline.blogspot.com/p/android-sysimg-google-arm-v8a-download.html | |
| All Images: https://androidsdkoffline.blogspot.com | |
| Another: https://androidsdkmanager.azurewebsites.net/GoogleAPIaddonSystemImages | |
| References: | |
| https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/emulator#emulator_for_arm64_hosts | |
| https://github.com/google/android-emulator-container-scripts/issues/192 | |
| https://github.com/yaizudamashii/AndroidSDK/pull/1 | |
| https://medium.com/heuristics/deploying-android-emulators-on-aws-ec2-1-3-arm-architecture-and-genymotion-solutions-for-a-2ef3238542d5 | |
| https://gist.github.com/JonathanLalou/180c87554d8278b0e6d7 |
For anyone who wants more dynamic script (for automated workflows):
sudo apt update && sudo NEEDRESTART_MODE=a apt -y upgrade
sudo NEEDRESTART_MODE=a apt -y install default-jdk python3-pip repo python-is-python3 unzip libpcre2-dev adb
wget https://dl.google.com/android/repository/commandlinetools-linux-8512546_latest.zip
unzip commandlinetools-linux-8512546_latest.zip -d android-sdk
sudo mv android-sdk /opt/
mkdir /opt/android-sdk/cmdline-tools/latest
mv /opt/android-sdk/cmdline-tools/* /opt/android-sdk/cmdline-tools/latest
echo "export ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=/opt/android-sdk" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export ANDROID_HOME=/opt/android-sdk" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export ANDROID_EMULATOR_WAIT_TIME_BEFORE_KILL=60" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/opt/android-sdk/cmdline-tools/latest/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
sdkmanager --update
yes | sdkmanager --licenses
cd /opt/android-sdk/
curl -o emulator.zip $(curl -s "https://ci.android.com/builds/submitted/12401025/emulator-linux_aarch64/latest/sdk-repo-linux_aarch64-emulator-12401025.zip" | sed -n 's/.*"artifactUrl":"\([^"]*\)".*/\1/p' | sed 's/\\u0026/\&/g')
unzip emulator.zip
cd emulator
echo $(curl -s "https://chromium.googlesource.com/android_tools/+/refs/heads/main/sdk/emulator/package.xml?format=TEXT" | base64 --decode) > /opt/android-sdk/emulator/package.xml
MAJOR_VERSION=$(grep 'Pkg.Revision' source.properties | cut -d'=' -f2 | cut -d'.' -f1)
MINOR_VERSION=$(grep 'Pkg.Revision' source.properties | cut -d'=' -f2 | cut -d'.' -f2)
MICRO_VERSION=$(grep 'Pkg.Revision' source.properties | cut -d'=' -f2 | cut -d'.' -f3)
sed -i "s|<major>[0-9]\+</major>|<major>${MAJOR_VERSION}</major>|g" package.xml
sed -i "s|<minor>[0-9]\+</minor>|<minor>${MINOR_VERSION}</minor>|g" package.xml
sed -i "s|<micro>[0-9]\+</micro>|<micro>${MICRO_VERSION}</micro>|g" package.xml
sdkmanager "system-images;android-31;google_apis;arm64-v8a"
yes "" | avdmanager -v create avd -f -n MyAVD -k "system-images;android-31;google_apis;arm64-v8a" -p "/opt/android-sdk/avd"
mkdir /opt/android-sdk/platforms
mkdir /opt/android-sdk/platform-tools
echo "Vulkan = off" >> ~/.android/advancedFeatures.ini
echo "GLDirectMem = on" >> ~/.android/advancedFeatures.iniThis is my setup script. Although the Run the emulator section didn't run successfully for me :|
I'm trying to run this on an m1 chip running ubuntu. The emulator seems to manage all of the pre-boot steps (mounting the images and setting system props) but then crashes with this error when trying to cold boot:
ERROR | Unable to spawn process due to:, No such file or directory qemu-system-aarch64-headless: can't open backing store /home/thea/avds/YetAnotherTestAvd.avd/snapshots/default_boot/ram.img for guest RAM: Permission denied qemu-system-aarch64-headless: falling back to regular RAM allocation. WARNING: cannnot unmap ptr 0xfffe94eb4000 as it is in the protected range from 0xfffe94eb4000 to 0xffff150b4000 WARNING: cannnot unmap ptr 0xffff15004000 as it is in the protected range from 0xfffe94eb4000 to 0xffff150b4000 Could not init 'oss' audio driver WARNING | The emulator now requires a signed jwt token for gRPC access! Use the -grpc flag if you really want an open unprotected grpc port INFO | Using security allow list from: /home/thea/espen/emu/emu-master-dev/test/emulator/lib/emulator_access.json WARNING | *** Basic token auth should only be used by android-studio *** INFO | The active JSON Web Key Sets can be found here: /run/user/1001/avd/running/36869/jwks/aa8a5442-3c34-43b0-95f0-e7e3257578f9/active.jwk INFO | Scanning /run/user/1001/avd/running/36869/jwks/aa8a5442-3c34-43b0-95f0-e7e3257578f9 for jwk keys. INFO | Started GRPC server at 127.0.0.1:8554, security: Local, auth: +token INFO | Advertising in: /run/user/1001/avd/running/pid_36869.ini I1030 15:04:48.293225 36910 FrameBuffer.cpp:3682] setDisplayConfigs w 320 h 640 dpiX 160 dpiY 160 I1030 15:04:48.293273 36910 FrameBuffer.cpp:3695] setDisplayActiveConfig 0 INFO | Loading snapshot 'default_boot'... WARNING | Device 'encrypt' does not have the requested snapshot 'default_boot' WARNING | Failed to load snapshot 'default_boot' INFO | Cold boot based on user configuration WARNING | Cold boot based on user configuration ERROR | Unable to spawn process due to:, No such file or directory ERROR | Unable to spawn process due to:, No such file or directory ERROR | crashhandler_die: fatal: kvm_user_backed_ram_map: error registering slot: Invalid argument Segmentation fault (core dumped)
Any idea what would cause this or how to fix it?
ERROR | Unable to spawn process due to:, No such file or directoryrefers to/opt/android/emulator/bin64/netsimdwhich is not part of aarch64 emulator build. Netsim is responsible for Bluetooth stack, anyone know how to disable it?
Getting the same issue, have you found a fix by any chance ?
Unfortunately not, I haven't found the time. I guess the fastest way to get it working would be to use netsimd from x86_64 emulator build and let the Rosetta do its magic.
I've ran it on the Jetson Nano :
aresuser@jetson:/opt/android-sdk$ emulator @android9 -cores 2 -lowram -memory 1000 -gpu host -ports 5554,5555 -skip-adb-auth -no-boot-anim -no-snapshot -no-metrics -qemu -machine gic-version=2
INFO | Storing crashdata in: /tmp/android-aresuser/emu-crash-34.2.8.db, detection is enabled for process: 98752
INFO | Android emulator version 34.2.8.0 (build_id 11435509) (CL:N/A)
INFO | Found systemPath /opt/android-sdk/system-images/android-28/google_apis/arm64-v8a/
INFO | Storing crashdata in: /tmp/android-aresuser/emu-crash-34.2.8.db, detection is enabled for process: 98752
INFO | Duplicate loglines will be removed, if you wish to see each individual line launch with the -log-nofilter flag.
WARNING | FeatureControl is requesting a non existing feature.
library_mode host gpu mode host
Initializing hardware OpenGLES emulation supportandroid_startOpenglesRenderer: gpu infoI0915 14:29:22.230528 98752 HealthMonitor.cpp:279] HealthMonitor disabled.
added library libvulkan.so
createGlobalVkEmulation:995 Selecting Vulkan device: NVIDIA Tegra X1 (nvgpu)
initialize: Supports id properties, got a vulkan device UUID
I0915 14:29:23.908542 98752 VkCommonOperations.cpp:1276] Initializing VkEmulation features:
I0915 14:29:23.908639 98752 VkCommonOperations.cpp:1277] glInteropSupported: true
I0915 14:29:23.908676 98752 VkCommonOperations.cpp:1278] useDeferredCommands: true
I0915 14:29:23.908707 98752 VkCommonOperations.cpp:1279] createResourceWithRequirements: true
I0915 14:29:23.908738 98752 VkCommonOperations.cpp:1281] useVulkanComposition: false
I0915 14:29:23.908768 98752 VkCommonOperations.cpp:1282] useVulkanNativeSwapchain: false
I0915 14:29:23.908809 98752 VkCommonOperations.cpp:1283] enable guestRenderDoc: false
I0915 14:29:23.908839 98752 VkCommonOperations.cpp:1284] ASTC LDR emulation mode: 2
I0915 14:29:23.908879 98752 VkCommonOperations.cpp:1285] enable ETC2 emulation: true
I0915 14:29:23.908908 98752 VkCommonOperations.cpp:1286] enable Ycbcr emulation: false
I0915 14:29:23.908944 98752 VkCommonOperations.cpp:1287] guestUsesAngle: false
I0915 14:29:23.908972 98752 VkCommonOperations.cpp:1288] useDedicatedAllocations: false
I0915 14:29:23.909777 98752 FrameBuffer.cpp:506] Graphics Adapter Vendor Google (NVIDIA Corporation)
I0915 14:29:23.909904 98752 FrameBuffer.cpp:507] Graphics Adapter Android Emulator OpenGL ES Translator (NVIDIA Tegra X1 (nvgpu)/integrated)
I0915 14:29:23.909952 98752 FrameBuffer.cpp:508] Graphics API Version OpenGL ES 3.0 (4.5.0 NVIDIA 32.7.3)
I0915 14:29:23.909983 98752 FrameBuffer.cpp:509] Graphics API Extensions GL_OES_EGL_sync GL_OES_EGL_image GL_OES_EGL_image_external GL_OES_depth24 GL_OES_depth32 GL_OES_element_index_uint GL_OES_texture_float GL_OES_texture_float_linear GL_OES_compressed_paletted_texture GL_OES_compressed_ETC1_RGB8_texture GL_OES_depth_texture GL_OES_texture_half_float GL_OES_texture_half_float_linear GL_OES_packed_depth_stencil GL_OES_vertex_half_float GL_OES_texture_npot GL_OES_rgb8_rgba8 GL_OVR_multiview2 GL_EXT_color_buffer_float GL_EXT_color_buffer_half_float GL_EXT_texture_format_BGRA8888 GL_APPLE_texture_format_BGRA8888 GL_EXT_texture_buffer
I0915 14:29:23.910022 98752 FrameBuffer.cpp:510] Graphics Device Extensions N/A
OpenGL Vendor=[Google (NVIDIA Corporation)]OpenGL Renderer=[Android Emulator OpenGL ES Translator (NVIDIA Tegra X1 (nvgpu)/integrated)]OpenGL Version=[OpenGL ES 3.0 (4.5.0 NVIDIA 32.7.3)]Could not init `oss' audio driver
I0915 14:29:24.439422 98794 FrameBuffer.cpp:2853] setDisplayConfigs w 320 h 640 dpiX 160 dpiY 160
I0915 14:29:24.439551 98794 FrameBuffer.cpp:2866] setDisplayActiveConfig 0
WARNING | FeatureControl is requesting a non existing feature.
WARNING | Cold boot: requested by the user
And after compiling ANGLE and the library libshadertranslator.so,I've been able to use the native GPU of the Jetson Nano with Android 13 using these parameters...
$ emulator @android13 -cores 2 -lowram -memory 1000 -gpu host -ports 5554,5555 -skip-adb-auth -no-boot-anim -no-snapshot -no-metrics -qemu -machine gic-version=2
Instead,I haven't been able to boot succesfully Android Cuttlefish neither on top of Ubuntu 24.04 x64 bit nor on the Jetson Nano on arm64.
Unfortunately not, I haven't found the time. I guess the fastest way to get it working would be to use netsimd from x86_64 emulator build and let the Rosetta do its magic.
I eventually used Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS x86_64 (ami-001f2488b35ca8aad) on a c5n.metal with this script and it worked fine :
#!/bin/bash
echo "Updating package list..."
sudo apt update && echo "Package list updated." || echo "Failed to update package list."
echo "Upgrading installed packages..."
sudo apt upgrade -y && echo "Packages upgraded." || echo "Failed to upgrade packages."
echo "Installing required packages..."
yes | sudo apt install default-jdk python3-pip repo python-is-python3 unzip libpcre2-dev adb && echo "Required packages installed." || echo "Failed to install required packages."
echo "Downloading command line tools..."
wget https://dl.google.com/android/repository/commandlinetools-linux-11076708_latest.zip && echo "Command line tools downloaded." || echo "Failed to download command line tools."
echo "Unzipping command line tools..."
unzip commandlinetools-linux-11076708_latest.zip -d android-sdk && echo "Command line tools unzipped." || echo "Failed to unzip command line tools."
echo "Moving command line tools to /opt..."
sudo mv android-sdk /opt/ && echo "Moved command line tools to /opt." || echo "Failed to move command line tools."
echo "Creating cmdline-tools directory..."
mkdir -p /opt/android-sdk/cmdline-tools/latest && echo "Cmdline-tools directory created." || echo "Failed to create cmdline-tools directory."
echo "Moving files to the latest cmdline-tools directory..."
mv /opt/android-sdk/cmdline-tools/* /opt/android-sdk/cmdline-tools/latest && echo "Moved files to latest cmdline-tools directory." || echo "Failed to move files to latest cmdline-tools directory."
echo "Setting up environment variables..."
echo "export ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=/opt/android-sdk" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export ANDROID_HOME=/opt/android-sdk" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export ANDROID_EMULATOR_WAIT_TIME_BEFORE_KILL=60" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:/opt/android-sdk/cmdline-tools/latest/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "Sourcing .bashrc to apply changes..."
source ~/.bashrc
echo "Updating sdkmanager..."
sdkmanager --update && echo "Sdkmanager updated." || echo "Failed to update sdkmanager."
echo "Accepting licenses..."
yes | sdkmanager --licenses && echo "Licenses accepted." || echo "Failed to accept licenses."
echo "Changing directory to /opt/android-sdk..."
cd /opt/android-sdk/ && echo "Changed directory to /opt/android-sdk." || echo "Failed to change directory."
echo "Installing emulator..."
sdkmanager "emulator" && echo "Emulator installed." || echo "Failed to install emulator."
echo "Installing system images..."
sdkmanager "system-images;android-31;google_apis;x86_64" && echo "System images installed." || echo "Failed to install system images."
echo "Creating AVD..."
no | avdmanager -v create avd -f -n Pixel4 -k "system-images;android-31;google_apis;x86_64" -p "/opt/android-sdk/avd" && echo "AVD created." || echo "Failed to create AVD."
echo "Creating directories for platforms and platform-tools..."
mkdir -p /opt/android-sdk/platforms && echo "Platforms directory created." || echo "Failed to create platforms directory."
mkdir -p /opt/android-sdk/platform-tools && echo "Platform-tools directory created." || echo "Failed to create platform-tools directory."
echo "Setting Vulkan and GLDirectMem options..."
echo "Vulkan = off" >> ~/.android/advancedFeatures.ini
echo "GLDirectMem = on" >> ~/.android/advancedFeatures.ini
echo "Configuration for Vulkan and GLDirectMem set."
sudo gpasswd -a $USER kvm
echo "Script execution completed."
echo "logout and re-login"
echo "Then start an emulator using : /opt/android-sdk/emulator/emulator @Pixel4 -no-window -no-audio -ports 5554,5555 -skip-adb-auth -no-boot-anim -show-kernel"
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ERROR | Unable to spawn process due to:, No such file or directoryrefers to/opt/android/emulator/bin64/netsimdwhich is not part of aarch64 emulator build. Netsim is responsible for Bluetooth stack, anyone know how to disable it?