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How can building a heap be O(n) time complexity?

Several highly voted answers have given excellent explanations. I will show several figures to show the proof clearly and hope it is easy to understand.

Height of a Heap

The height of heap h = O(log(N)), where N is the number of (internal) nodes.

Note: ◯ for internal nodes, and □ for external nodes or leaf nodes; values are only saved at internal nodes.

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Solutions of Leet Code questions.

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#!/bin/bash
#
# script to extract ImageNet dataset
# ILSVRC2012_img_train.tar (about 138 GB)
# ILSVRC2012_img_val.tar (about 6.3 GB)
# make sure ILSVRC2012_img_train.tar & ILSVRC2012_img_val.tar in your current directory
#
#  https://github.com/facebook/fb.resnet.torch/blob/master/INSTALL.md
# 
#  train/

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Docker - How to cleanup (unused) resources

Once in a while, you may need to cleanup resources (containers, volumes, images, networks) ...

delete volumes

// see: https://github.com/chadoe/docker-cleanup-volumes

$ docker volume rm $(docker volume ls -qf dangling=true)

$ docker volume ls -qf dangling=true | xargs -r docker volume rm

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import random
from itertools import chain, cycle, islice
import torch.utils.data as data

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
import time
import torch
import numpy as np

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1. Check Python3 root
>>> import sys
>>> import os
>>> sys.executable
'/usr/local/bin/python3'

OR

$ which python3
/usr/local/bin/python3

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#!/bin/bash
# add the GPG key for the official Docker repository to the system
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

# add the Docker repository to APT sources
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

# update the package database with the Docker packages from the newly added repo
sudo apt-get update

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import sys, getopt

import tensorflow as tf

usage_str = 'python tensorflow_rename_variables.py --checkpoint_dir=path/to/dir/ ' \
            '--replace_from=substr --replace_to=substr --add_prefix=abc --dry_run'


def rename(checkpoint_dir, replace_from, replace_to, add_prefix, dry_run):
    checkpoint = tf.train.get_checkpoint_state(checkpoint_dir)

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%Official Matlab version can be found in the PASCAL VOC devkit 
%http://host.robots.ox.ac.uk/pascal/VOC/voc2012/index.html#devkit

% VOCLABELCOLORMAP Creates a label color map such that adjacent indices have different
% colors.  Useful for reading and writing index images which contain large indices,
% by encoding them as RGB images.
%
% CMAP = VOCLABELCOLORMAP(N) creates a label color map with N entries.
function cmap = labelcolormap(N)