Updates
- 2025-01-27: Quite unexpectedly, it seems that just setting Memory to minimum will work
(unexpected because the error I get is about threads - CPUs)

The "Performance Impact" has dozens of options. One or more of them is buggy on macOS and causes Civ VI to crash every few minutes.
I don't know which specific option(s) cause it to crash, but by turning them all off it's possible to play for hours without crashing.
If you can interpret the error logs, or test and figure out which option(s) cause the crash, please comment and let the rest of us know.