|
QEMU emulator version 2.5.0 (Debian 1:2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.16), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard |
|
usage: qemu-system-i386 [options] [disk_image] |
|
|
|
'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0 |
|
|
|
Standard options: |
|
-h or -help display this help and exit |
|
-version display version information and exit |
|
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]] |
|
selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list) |
|
property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator |
|
supported accelerators are kvm, xen, tcg (default: tcg) |
|
kernel_irqchip=on|off controls accelerated irqchip support |
|
vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto) |
|
kvm_shadow_mem=size of KVM shadow MMU |
|
dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on) |
|
mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on) |
|
iommu=on|off controls emulated Intel IOMMU (VT-d) support (default=off) |
|
igd-passthru=on|off controls IGD GFX passthrough support (default=off) |
|
aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on) |
|
dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on) |
|
suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off) |
|
-cpu cpu select CPU ('-cpu help' for list) |
|
-smp [cpus=]n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets] |
|
set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1] |
|
maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including |
|
offline CPUs for hotplug, etc |
|
cores= number of CPU cores on one socket |
|
threads= number of threads on one CPU core |
|
sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system |
|
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node] |
|
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node] |
|
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque] |
|
Add 'fd' to fd 'set' |
|
-set group.id.arg=value |
|
set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group> |
|
i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image |
|
-global driver.property=value |
|
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value |
|
set a global default for a driver property |
|
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off] |
|
[,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off] |
|
'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n) |
|
'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on |
|
'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms |
|
'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms |
|
-m[emory] [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size] |
|
configure guest RAM |
|
size: initial amount of guest memory |
|
slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none) |
|
maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none) |
|
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity |
|
-mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM |
|
-mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path) |
|
-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French) |
|
-audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options |
|
-soundhw c1,... enable audio support |
|
and only specified sound cards (comma separated list) |
|
use '-soundhw help' to get the list of supported cards |
|
use '-soundhw all' to enable all of them |
|
-balloon none disable balloon device |
|
-balloon virtio[,addr=str] |
|
enable virtio balloon device (default) |
|
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]] |
|
add device (based on driver) |
|
prop=value,... sets driver properties |
|
use '-device help' to print all possible drivers |
|
use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties |
|
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off] |
|
set the name of the guest |
|
string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux) |
|
When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name (on Linux) |
|
NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API. |
|
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x |
|
specify machine UUID |
|
|
|
Block device options: |
|
-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image |
|
-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image |
|
-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image |
|
-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master) |
|
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i] |
|
[,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off] |
|
[,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f] |
|
[,serial=s][,addr=A][,rerror=ignore|stop|report] |
|
[,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name][,aio=threads|native] |
|
[,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off] |
|
[,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap] |
|
[[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]] |
|
[[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]] |
|
[[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]] |
|
[[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]] |
|
[[,iops_size=is]] |
|
[[,group=g]] |
|
use 'file' as a drive image |
|
-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image |
|
-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image |
|
-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image |
|
-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files |
|
-hdachs c,h,s[,t] |
|
force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS |
|
translation (t=none or lba) (usually QEMU can guess them) |
|
-fsdev fsdriver,id=id[,path=path,][security_model={mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none}] |
|
[,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd] |
|
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=[mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none] |
|
[,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd] |
|
-virtfs_synth Create synthetic file system image |
|
|
|
USB options: |
|
-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon) |
|
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name' |
|
|
|
Display options: |
|
-display sdl[,frame=on|off][,alt_grab=on|off][,ctrl_grab=on|off] |
|
[,window_close=on|off]|curses|none| |
|
gtk[,grab_on_hover=on|off]| |
|
vnc=<display>[,<optargs>] |
|
select display type |
|
-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console |
|
-curses use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL |
|
-no-frame open SDL window without a frame and window decorations |
|
-alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt) |
|
-ctrl-grab use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt) |
|
-no-quit disable SDL window close capability |
|
-sdl enable SDL |
|
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>] |
|
[,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>] |
|
[,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>] |
|
[,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr][,ipv4|ipv6|unix] |
|
[,tls-ciphers=<list>] |
|
[,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]] |
|
[,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]] |
|
[,sasl][,password=<secret>][,disable-ticketing] |
|
[,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]] |
|
[,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]] |
|
[,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]] |
|
[,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste] |
|
[,disable-agent-file-xfer][,agent-mouse=[on|off]] |
|
[,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]] |
|
enable spice |
|
at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory |
|
-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD) |
|
-rotate <deg> rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD) |
|
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none] |
|
select video card type |
|
-full-screen start in full screen |
|
-vnc display start a VNC server on display |
|
|
|
1 target only: |
|
-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug |
|
-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks |
|
-no-acpi disable ACPI |
|
-no-hpet disable HPET |
|
-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data|file}=file1[:file2]...] |
|
ACPI table description |
|
-smbios file=binary |
|
load SMBIOS entry from binary file |
|
-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d] |
|
[,uefi=on|off] |
|
specify SMBIOS type 0 fields |
|
-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str] |
|
[,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str] |
|
specify SMBIOS type 1 fields |
|
-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str] |
|
[,asset=str][,location=str] |
|
specify SMBIOS type 2 fields |
|
-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str] |
|
[,sku=str] |
|
specify SMBIOS type 3 fields |
|
-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str] |
|
[,asset=str][,part=str] |
|
specify SMBIOS type 4 fields |
|
-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str] |
|
[,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d] |
|
specify SMBIOS type 17 fields |
|
|
|
Network options: |
|
-netdev user,id=str[,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr][,restrict=on|off] |
|
[,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr][,dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,tftp=dir] |
|
[,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]] |
|
configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str', |
|
its DHCP server and optional services |
|
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile] |
|
[,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off] |
|
[,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n] |
|
configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' |
|
use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup) |
|
to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown) |
|
to deconfigure it |
|
use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution |
|
use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to |
|
configure it |
|
use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface |
|
use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces |
|
use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the |
|
default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576') |
|
use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag |
|
use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition |
|
use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator |
|
(only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX) |
|
use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests |
|
use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device |
|
use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices |
|
use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP |
|
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper] |
|
configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is |
|
connected to a bridge (default=br0) |
|
using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) |
|
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport] |
|
[,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on/off][,udp=on/off] |
|
[,cookie64=on/off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie] |
|
[,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset] |
|
configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to |
|
an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire. |
|
Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk |
|
L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM, |
|
VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal |
|
standard (RFC3391). Note - this implementation uses static |
|
pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel). |
|
use 'src=' to specify source address |
|
use 'dst=' to specify destination address |
|
use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation |
|
use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port |
|
use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port |
|
use 'ipv6=on' to force v6 |
|
L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as |
|
well as a weak security measure |
|
use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie |
|
use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie |
|
use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32 |
|
use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter |
|
use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer |
|
use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data |
|
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port] |
|
configure a network backend to connect to another network |
|
using a socket connection |
|
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]] |
|
configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port |
|
use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from |
|
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port] |
|
configure a network backend to connect to another network |
|
using an UDP tunnel |
|
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off] |
|
configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev' |
|
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n |
|
configure a hub port on QEMU VLAN 'n' |
|
-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v] |
|
old way to create a new NIC and connect it to VLAN 'n' |
|
(use the '-device devtype,netdev=str' option if possible instead) |
|
-net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n] |
|
dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet) |
|
-net none use it alone to have zero network devices. If no -net option |
|
is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user' |
|
-net [user|tap|bridge|socket][,vlan=n][,option][,option][,...] |
|
old way to initialize a host network interface |
|
(use the -netdev option if possible instead) |
|
|
|
Character device options: |
|
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off] |
|
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay][,reconnect=seconds] |
|
[,server][,nowait][,telnet][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off] (tcp) |
|
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off] (unix) |
|
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr] |
|
[,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6][,mux=on|off] |
|
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off] |
|
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]] |
|
[,mux=on|off] |
|
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size] |
|
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
|
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
|
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off] |
|
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off] |
|
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off] |
|
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
|
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
|
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
|
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
|
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug] |
|
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug] |
|
|
|
Device URL Syntax: |
|
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password] |
|
[,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE |
|
[,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn] |
|
[,timeout=timeout] |
|
iSCSI session parameters |
|
Bluetooth(R) options: |
|
-bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands |
|
-bt hci,host[:id] |
|
use host's HCI with the given name |
|
-bt hci[,vlan=n] |
|
emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n' |
|
-bt vhci[,vlan=n] |
|
add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI |
|
-bt device:dev[,vlan=n] |
|
emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n' |
|
|
|
TPM device options: |
|
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path] |
|
use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0 |
|
use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if |
|
not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device |
|
|
|
Linux/Multiboot boot specific: |
|
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image |
|
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line |
|
-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk |
|
-dtb file use 'file' as device tree image |
|
|
|
Debug/Expert options: |
|
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file> |
|
add named fw_cfg entry from file |
|
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str> |
|
add named fw_cfg entry from string |
|
-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev' |
|
-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev' |
|
-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev' |
|
-qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode |
|
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting |
|
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,default] |
|
-debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev' |
|
-pidfile file write PID to 'file' |
|
-singlestep always run in singlestep mode |
|
-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution) |
|
-realtime [mlock=on|off] |
|
run qemu with realtime features |
|
mlock=on|off controls mlock support (default: on) |
|
-gdb dev wait for gdb connection on 'dev' |
|
-s shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234 |
|
-d item1,... enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items) |
|
-D logfile output log to logfile (default stderr) |
|
-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps |
|
-bios file set the filename for the BIOS |
|
-enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support |
|
-xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id |
|
-xen-create create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend |
|
warning: should not be used when xend is in use |
|
-xen-attach attach to existing xen domain |
|
xend will use this when starting QEMU |
|
-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting |
|
-no-shutdown stop before shutdown |
|
-loadvm [tag|id] |
|
start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor) |
|
-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing |
|
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space |
|
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|date][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew] |
|
set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only) |
|
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=no,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>] |
|
enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per |
|
instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks |
|
or disable real time cpu sleeping |
|
-watchdog model |
|
enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none] |
|
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none |
|
action when watchdog fires [default=reset] |
|
-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a |
|
-virtioconsole c |
|
set virtio console |
|
-show-cursor show cursor |
|
-tb-size n set TB size |
|
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4][,ipv6] |
|
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4][,ipv6] |
|
-incoming unix:socketpath |
|
prepare for incoming migration, listen on |
|
specified protocol and socket address |
|
-incoming fd:fd |
|
-incoming exec:cmdline |
|
accept incoming migration on given file descriptor |
|
or from given external command |
|
-incoming defer |
|
wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming |
|
-nodefaults don't create default devices |
|
-chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM |
|
-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM |
|
-sandbox <arg> Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off'). |
|
-readconfig <file> |
|
-writeconfig <file> |
|
read/write config file |
|
-nodefconfig |
|
do not load default config files at startup |
|
-no-user-config |
|
do not load user-provided config files at startup |
|
-trace [events=<file>][,file=<file>] |
|
specify tracing options |
|
-enable-fips enable FIPS 140-2 compliance |
|
-msg timestamp[=on|off] |
|
change the format of messages |
|
on|off controls leading timestamps (default:on) |
|
-dump-vmstate <file> |
|
Output vmstate information in JSON format to file. |
|
Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to |
|
check for possible regressions in migration code |
|
by comparing two such vmstate dumps. |
|
Generic object creation |
|
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...] |
|
create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties |
|
in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id' |
|
property must be set. These objects are placed in the |
|
'/objects' path. |
|
|
|
During emulation, the following keys are useful: |
|
ctrl-alt-f toggle full screen |
|
ctrl-alt-n switch to virtual console 'n' |
|
ctrl-alt toggle mouse and keyboard grab |
|
|
|
When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help. |
Check this
+https://www.qemu.org/2018/05/31/nic-parameter/