References We strongly prefer the use of Harvard references embedded in the main text in the following format (Harper 1999: 27), and a single bibliography at the end of the article rather than giving bibliographical references as side notes. the default term used for this list is ‘References’. Bibliographies do not need to be split into ‘References’ and ‘Further reading’. the terms ‘ibid.’ and ‘op. cit.’ are not appropriate in Harvard references. Here are some examples of the most likely forms for references: Anon (1931),‘Les films de la semaine’, Tribune de Genève, 28 January. Cabrera, D. (1998a), ‘Table Ronde de l’APA (Association pour l’Autobiographie et le Patrimoine Autobiographique)’, La Faute à Rousseau: ‘Le secret’, 18, pp. 28–29. —— (1998b), ‘Une chambre à soi’, Trafic, 26, pp. 28–35. Denis, Claire (1987), Chocolat, Paris: Les Films du Paradoxe. Flitterman-Lewis, S. (1990), To Desire Differently: Feminism and the French Cinema, Urbana and Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Grande, M. (1998),‘Les Images non-dérivées’, in O. Fahle (ed.), Le Cinéma selon Gilles intellect 11
Deleuze, Paris: Presses de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, pp. 284–302. Hayward, S. (1993), French National Cinema, New York and Paris: Routledge. Hottel, R. (1999),‘Including Ourselves:The Role of Female Spectators in Agnès Varda’s Le bonheur and L’une chante, l’autre pas’, Cinema Journal, 38: 2, pp. 52–72. Roussel, R. (1996), Locus Solus, Paris: Gallimard. First published 1914. Ströter-Bender, J. (1995), L’Art contemporain dans les pays du ‘Tiers Monde’ (trans. O. Barlet), Paris: L’Harmattan. Please also note the convention for conferences: UNDESA, (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs) (2005), 6th Global Forum on Reinventing Government:Towards Participatory andTransparent Governance, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 24–27 May, United Nations: New York. Conference papers: Brown, J. (2005),‘Evaluating surveys of transparent governance’, In UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs), 6th Global Forum on Reinventing Government:Towards Participatory and Transparent Governance, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 24–27 May, United Nations: New York. Dissertations/Ph.D. theses: Richmond, J. (2005), ‘Customer expectations in the world of electronic banking: a case study of the Bank of Britain’, Ph.D. thesis, Chelmsford: Anglia Ruskin University. Personal communications: Personal communications are what the informant said directly to the author, e.g. ‘Pam loved the drums (personal communication)’.This need have no citation in the references list. Equally the use of personal communications need not refer back to a named informant. However, a more formal research interview can be cited in the text (Jamieson 12 August 2004 interview), and at the end in the reference list. Unpublished works: Woolley, E. and Muncey,T. (in press),‘Demons or diamonds: a study to ascertain the range of attitudes present in health professionals to children with conduct disorder’, Journal of Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing. (Accepted for publication December 2002). intellect 12
Website references: it is crucial to treat websites as publishers of material and not as authors of the material (except for the occasions where they are the author, of course). Website references are like other references. there is no need to decipher any place of publication or a specific publisher, but the reference must have an author, and the author must be referenced Harvard-style within the text. if it is a website news article with no by-line, the day/month/ year of its initial publication must be given, and the website becomes the author. if the website is the ‘home site’ of an organization publishing its own material without a by-line, the organization should appear as the author. Unlike paper references, however, web pages can change, so there needs to be a date of access as well as the full web reference. in the list of references at the end of your article, the item should read something like this: cabrera, D. (2000), ‘les idées sont vivantes et la vie est politique’, http://www.peripheries.net/g-cabr.html. Accessed 14 December 2000. References checklist: ✓ All references must identify an author (surname or institution name) for all documents, whether found in archives, newspapers, the internet, etc. the ‘author’ for a law or Bill will be the legislative body/parliament of a country, e.g. Scottish Parliament. the author of a poll or a survey is the polling organization. the author of a news item is the journalist (his/her by-line) or the news agency, not the newspaper. if the journalist’s name is missing, please use ‘Anon’. ✓ Spell out the full first name(s) of an author if this is provided (i.e. do not reduce it/them to initials even if just initials are given for other authors in the ‘References’ list). ✓ Surname before initial for all authors listed before bracketed date; initial before surname for editors referenced after the bracketed date. ✓ Please try to ensure that there is always a date of publication enclosed in brackets. ✓ Please make sure you include the place of publication and the name of publisher. ✓ pp. before page extents (just p. if it is a single page). ✓ Full stop at end of all references in the list.