(as of March 20, 2024)
Yamaha AG03 3-Channel Mixer / 1 Microphone $150
Electro-Voice RE320 Large Diaphragm Dynamic Vocal Microphone $200 used, $300 new. We've had good luck with used, so I'd buy a used one off of Ebay or a renewed one from Amazon. Dynamic tends to work better than condenser mics in normal office environments (condenser mics work well in sound booths).
Sennheiser Pro Audio HD280PRO Headphone $80-100 These aren't high-end headphones known for their wonderful music listening experience, but at under $100 that makes sense. What they are really good at in low bleed-through (where you hear in you mic what you hear in your headphones, in other words you pick up what the other people are saying in your mic -- these are good at preventing that).
InnoGear Microphone Arm Stand $50-60 This one is better than the Rhode which is $100. Microphone Arm Stands are great in that you don't get the bumps / thumps as you hit your desk while talking, and they smoothly swing out of the way when not podcasting.
Moukey Microphone Shock Mount (unavailable) Alternative Shock Mount $12-16 Reduces arm vibration getting to the mic.
Hosa HMIC-010 Pro Microphone Cable $19 to $30 You'll need just one cable, to go from your mic to the mixer. You can get 5 feet or 10 feet, whatever you need. Or get both a 5 and 10 foot cable, so you have options