A4988 Drivers
Vref set to ~90% of stepper rated current
Rs = 0.1ohm
X = 0,58v (0,725A)
Y = 0,58v (0,725A)
Z = 0,58v (0,725A)
E = 0,72v (0,900A)
Naming: [JK][S]HS[L]-[100][4]
JK: Manufacturer (jkongmotor) S: Size (42mm) HS: Hybrid Stepper L: Length (34/40mm) 100: Rated current 1.00 4: Number of wires
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X, Y, Z: 42x34 1.8deg 0.84A 4xwires jk42hs34-0844 yal8-23
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E: 42x40 1.8deg 1.0A 4xwires jk42hs40-1004a-02f
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http://www.jkongmotor.com/Product/42HS-NEMA17-2Phase-Stepper-Motor-1-8%C2%B0.html
The manufacturer decides what temperature the motor can tolerate continuously without degradation of the insulation on the motor's windings. They then determine how much current in 100% duty cycle stepping operation will raise the windings to that temperature.
That's the rated current.
Note that my explanation here is simplified a little.