Tuple implementation for use with Unity3d

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Tuple.cs

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Tuple structs for use in .NET Not-Quite-3.5 (e.g. Unity3D).
//
// Used Chapter 3 in http://functional-programming.net/ as a starting point.
//
// Note: .NET 4.0 Tuples are immutable classes so they're *slightly* different.
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

using System;

namespace Eppy
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Utility class that simplifies cration of tuples by using
    /// method calls instead of constructor calls
    /// </summary>
    public static class Tuple
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new tuple value with the specified elements. The method
        /// can be used without specifying the generic parameters, because C#
        /// compiler can usually infer the actual types.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="item1">First element of the tuple</param>
        /// <param name="second">Second element of the tuple</param>
        /// <returns>A newly created tuple</returns>
        public static Tuple<T1, T2> Create<T1, T2>(T1 item1, T2 second)
        {
            return new Tuple<T1, T2>(item1, second);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new tuple value with the specified elements. The method
        /// can be used without specifying the generic parameters, because C#
        /// compiler can usually infer the actual types.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="item1">First element of the tuple</param>
        /// <param name="second">Second element of the tuple</param>
        /// <param name="third">Third element of the tuple</param>
        /// <returns>A newly created tuple</returns>
        public static Tuple<T1, T2, T3> Create<T1, T2, T3>(T1 item1, T2 second, T3 third)
        {
            return new Tuple<T1, T2, T3>(item1, second, third);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new tuple value with the specified elements. The method
        /// can be used without specifying the generic parameters, because C#
        /// compiler can usually infer the actual types.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="item1">First element of the tuple</param>
        /// <param name="second">Second element of the tuple</param>
        /// <param name="third">Third element of the tuple</param>
        /// <param name="fourth">Fourth element of the tuple</param>
        /// <returns>A newly created tuple</returns>
        public static Tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> Create<T1, T2, T3, T4>(T1 item1, T2 second, T3 third, T4 fourth)
        {
            return new Tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4>(item1, second, third, fourth);
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// Extension method that provides a concise utility for unpacking
        /// tuple components into specific out parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="tuple">the tuple to unpack from</param>
        /// <param name="ref1">the out parameter that will be assigned tuple.Item1</param>
        /// <param name="ref2">the out parameter that will be assigned tuple.Item2</param>
        public static void Unpack<T1, T2>(this Tuple<T1, T2> tuple, out T1 ref1, out T2 ref2)
        {
            ref1 = tuple.Item1;
            ref2 = tuple.Item2;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Extension method that provides a concise utility for unpacking
        /// tuple components into specific out parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="tuple">the tuple to unpack from</param>
        /// <param name="ref1">the out parameter that will be assigned tuple.Item1</param>
        /// <param name="ref2">the out parameter that will be assigned tuple.Item2</param>
        /// <param name="ref3">the out parameter that will be assigned tuple.Item3</param>
        public static void Unpack<T1, T2, T3>(this Tuple<T1, T2, T3> tuple, out T1 ref1, out T2 ref2, T3 ref3)
        {
            ref1 = tuple.Item1;
            ref2 = tuple.Item2;
            ref3 = tuple.Item3;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Extension method that provides a concise utility for unpacking
        /// tuple components into specific out parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="tuple">the tuple to unpack from</param>
        /// <param name="ref1">the out parameter that will be assigned tuple.Item1</param>
        /// <param name="ref2">the out parameter that will be assigned tuple.Item2</param>
        /// <param name="ref3">the out parameter that will be assigned tuple.Item3</param>
        /// <param name="ref4">the out parameter that will be assigned tuple.Item4</param>
        public static void Unpack<T1, T2, T3, T4>(this Tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> tuple, out T1 ref1, out T2 ref2, T3 ref3, T4 ref4)
        {
            ref1 = tuple.Item1;
            ref2 = tuple.Item2;
            ref3 = tuple.Item3;
            ref4 = tuple.Item4;
        }
    }
}

Tuple2.cs

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Tuple structs for use in .NET Not-Quite-3.5 (e.g. Unity3D).
//
// Used Chapter 3 in http://functional-programming.net/ as a starting point.
//
// Note: .NET 4.0 Tuples are immutable classes so they're *slightly* different.
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

using System;

namespace Eppy
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Represents a functional tuple that can be used to store
    /// two values of different types inside one object.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T1">The type of the first element</typeparam>
    /// <typeparam name="T2">The type of the second element</typeparam>
    public sealed class Tuple<T1, T2>
    {
        private readonly T1 item1;
        private readonly T2 item2;

        /// <summary>
        /// Retyurns the first element of the tuple
        /// </summary>
        public T1 Item1
        {
            get { return item1; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the second element of the tuple
        /// </summary>
        public T2 Item2
        {
            get { return item2; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Create a new tuple value
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="item1">First element of the tuple</param>
        /// <param name="second">Second element of the tuple</param>
        public Tuple(T1 item1, T2 item2)
        {
            this.item1 = item1;
            this.item2 = item2;
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("Tuple({0}, {1})", Item1, Item2);
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            int hash = 17;
            hash = hash * 23 + (item1 == null ? 0 : item1.GetHashCode());
            hash = hash * 23 + (item2 == null ? 0 : item2.GetHashCode());
            return hash;
        }

        public override bool Equals(object o)
        {
            if (!(o is Tuple<T1, T2>)) {
                return false;
            }

            var other = (Tuple<T1, T2>) o;

            return this == other;
        }

        public bool Equals(Tuple<T1, T2> other)
        {
            return this == other;
        }

        public static bool operator==(Tuple<T1, T2> a, Tuple<T1, T2> b)
        {
            if (object.ReferenceEquals(a, null)) {
                return object.ReferenceEquals(b, null);
            }
            if (a.item1 == null && b.item1 != null) return false;
            if (a.item2 == null && b.item2 != null) return false;
            return
                a.item1.Equals(b.item1) &&
                a.item2.Equals(b.item2);
        }

        public static bool operator!=(Tuple<T1, T2> a, Tuple<T1, T2> b)
        {
            return !(a == b);
        }

        public void Unpack(Action<T1, T2> unpackerDelegate)
        {
            unpackerDelegate(Item1, Item2);
        }
    }
}

Tuple3.cs

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Tuple structs for use in .NET Not-Quite-3.5 (e.g. Unity3D).
//
// Used Chapter 3 in http://functional-programming.net/ as a starting point.
//
// Note: .NET 4.0 Tuples are immutable classes so they're *slightly* different.
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

using System;

namespace Eppy
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Represents a functional tuple that can be used to store
    /// two values of different types inside one object.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T1">The type of the first element</typeparam>
    /// <typeparam name="T2">The type of the second element</typeparam>
    /// <typeparam name="T3">The type of the third element</typeparam>
    public sealed class Tuple<T1, T2, T3>
    {
        private readonly T1 item1;
        private readonly T2 item2;
        private readonly T3 item3;

        /// <summary>
        /// Retyurns the first element of the tuple
        /// </summary>
        public T1 Item1
        {
            get { return item1; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the second element of the tuple
        /// </summary>
        public T2 Item2
        {
            get { return item2; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the second element of the tuple
        /// </summary>
        public T3 Item3
        {
            get { return item3; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Create a new tuple value
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="item1">First element of the tuple</param>
        /// <param name="second">Second element of the tuple</param>
        /// <param name="third">Third element of the tuple</param>
        public Tuple(T1 item1, T2 item2, T3 item3)
        {
            this.item1 = item1;
            this.item2 = item2;
            this.item3 = item3;
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            int hash = 17;
            hash = hash * 23 + (item1 == null ? 0 : item1.GetHashCode());
            hash = hash * 23 + (item2 == null ? 0 : item2.GetHashCode());
            hash = hash * 23 + (item3 == null ? 0 : item3.GetHashCode());
            return hash;
        }

        public override bool Equals(object o)
        {
            if (!(o is Tuple<T1, T2, T3>)) {
                return false;
            }

            var other = (Tuple<T1, T2, T3>)o;

            return this == other;
        }

        public static bool operator==(Tuple<T1, T2, T3> a, Tuple<T1, T2, T3> b)
        {
            if (object.ReferenceEquals(a, null)) {
                return object.ReferenceEquals(b, null);
            }
            if (a.item1 == null && b.item1 != null) return false;
            if (a.item2 == null && b.item2 != null) return false;
            if (a.item3 == null && b.item3 != null) return false;
            return
                a.item1.Equals(b.item1) &&
                a.item2.Equals(b.item2) &&
                a.item3.Equals(b.item3);
        }

        public static bool operator!=(Tuple<T1, T2, T3> a, Tuple<T1, T2, T3> b)
        {
            return !(a == b);
        }

        public void Unpack(Action<T1, T2, T3> unpackerDelegate)
        {
            unpackerDelegate(Item1, Item2, Item3);
        }
    }
}

Tuple4.cs

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Tuple structs for use in .NET Not-Quite-3.5 (e.g. Unity3D).
//
// Used Chapter 3 in http://functional-programming.net/ as a starting point.
//
// Note: .NET 4.0 Tuples are immutable classes so they're *slightly* different.
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

using System;

namespace Eppy
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Represents a functional tuple that can be used to store
    /// two values of different types inside one object.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T1">The type of the first element</typeparam>
    /// <typeparam name="T2">The type of the second element</typeparam>
    /// <typeparam name="T3">The type of the third element</typeparam>
    /// <typeparam name="T4">The type of the fourth element</typeparam>
    public sealed class Tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4>
    {
        private readonly T1 item1;
        private readonly T2 item2;
        private readonly T3 item3;
        private readonly T4 item4;

        /// <summary>
        /// Retyurns the first element of the tuple
        /// </summary>
        public T1 Item1
        {
            get { return item1; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the second element of the tuple
        /// </summary>
        public T2 Item2
        {
            get { return item2; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the second element of the tuple
        /// </summary>
        public T3 Item3
        {
            get { return item3; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the second element of the tuple
        /// </summary>
        public T4 Item4
        {
            get { return item4; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Create a new tuple value
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="item1">First element of the tuple</param>
        /// <param name="second">Second element of the tuple</param>
        /// <param name="third">Third element of the tuple</param>
        /// <param name="fourth">Fourth element of the tuple</param>
        public Tuple(T1 item1, T2 item2, T3 item3, T4 item4)
        {
            this.item1 = item1;
            this.item2 = item2;
            this.item3 = item3;
            this.item4 = item4;
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            int hash = 17;
            hash = hash * 23 + (item1 == null ? 0 : item1.GetHashCode());
            hash = hash * 23 + (item2 == null ? 0 : item2.GetHashCode());
            hash = hash * 23 + (item3 == null ? 0 : item3.GetHashCode());
            hash = hash * 23 + (item4 == null ? 0 : item4.GetHashCode());
            return hash;
        }

        public override bool Equals(object o)
        {
            if (o.GetType() != typeof(Tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4>)) {
                return false;
            }

            var other = (Tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4>)o;

            return this == other;
        }

        public static bool operator==(Tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> a, Tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> b)
        {
            if (object.ReferenceEquals(a, null)) {
                return object.ReferenceEquals(b, null);
            }
            if (a.item1 == null && b.item1 != null) return false;
            if (a.item2 == null && b.item2 != null) return false;
            if (a.item3 == null && b.item3 != null) return false;
            if (a.item4 == null && b.item4 != null) return false;
            return
                a.item1.Equals(b.item1) &&
                a.item2.Equals(b.item2) &&
                a.item3.Equals(b.item3) &&
                a.item4.Equals(b.item4);
        }

        public static bool operator!=(Tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> a, Tuple<T1, T2, T3, T4> b)
        {
            return !(a == b);
        }

        public void Unpack(Action<T1, T2, T3, T4> unpackerDelegate)
        {
            unpackerDelegate(Item1, Item2, Item3, Item4);
        }
    }
}

Thanks for the classes!

The code for operator== isn't quite correct. Something like
if (myTuple == null)
will throw an exception, because the second parameter ("b") isn't null-checked in the code.

Here's one way to fix it (replaces the ReferenceEquals calls at the top of the method):

bool aIsNull = object.ReferenceEquals(a, null);
bool bIsNull = object.ReferenceEquals(b, null);

if (aIsNull || bIsNull)
{
    return aIsNull && bIsNull;
}

I'm sure there are more elegant ways, but this one works and is readable.

Thanks again for the great classes!

Even with kmeboe's fix, this still breaks:

var a = Tuple<string, string>("1", null);
var b = Tuple<string, string>("1", null);
Debug.Log(a == b); // NullReferenceException

My first pass at a solution that fixes all null cases was this:

public static bool operator ==(Tuple<T1, T2> a, Tuple<T1, T2> b)
{
    // Handle a or b being null
    bool bIsNull = ReferenceEquals(b, null);
    // a is null, equality depends on b being null
    if (ReferenceEquals(a, null))
        return bIsNull;
    // a NOT null, b is null, so NOT EQUAL
    else if (bIsNull)
        return false;

    // a.1 is null.
    if (ReferenceEquals(a.item1, null))
    {
        // We only know NOT EQUAL if b.1 is not null
        if (!ReferenceEquals(b.item1, null))
            return false;
    }
    // a.1 is not null, so NOT EQUAL if a.1 != b.1
    else if (!a.item1.Equals(b.item1))
        return false;

    // a.2 is null.
    if (ReferenceEquals(a.item2, null))
    {
        // We only know NOT EQUAL if b2 is not null
        if (!ReferenceEquals(b.item2, null))
            return false;
    }
    // a.2 is not null, so NOT EQUAL if a.2 != b.2
    else if (!a.item2.Equals(b.item2))
        return false;


    // Everything was equal
    return true;
}

However, if we can use object.Equals(obj a, obj b) then it can be simplified to just:

public static bool operator ==(Tuple<T1, T2> a, Tuple<T1, T2> b)
{
    // Handle a or b being null
    bool bIsNull = ReferenceEquals(b, null);
    // a is null, equaliy depends on b being null
    if (ReferenceEquals(a, null)) 
        return bIsNull;
    // a NOT null, b is null, so NOT EQUAL
    else if (bIsNull) 
        return false;

    // Handle Items
    return object.Equals(a.item1, b.item1) && object.Equals(a.item2, b.item2);
}

I'm unsure if there might be a reason we don't want to use object.Equals for the items. Thoughts?

In any case, I believe either of these solutions handle all null permutations. To verify for yourself, here is a simple test:

static void RunTest()
{
    Tuple<string, string>[] list =
    {
        new Tuple<string, string>("1", "2"),
        new Tuple<string, string>("1", null),
        new Tuple<string, string>(null, "2"),
        new Tuple<string, string>(null, null),
        null // just to make sure we are checking for null objects
    };

    foreach(var lhs in list)
    {
        // Check for same values, different object
        if(lhs != null)
        {
            DoCompare(lhs, Tuple.Create(lhs.Item1, lhs.Item2));
            DoCompare(Tuple.Create(lhs.Item1, lhs.Item2), lhs);
        }
        // Check all pairings
        foreach(var rhs in list)
            DoCompare(lhs, rhs);
    }
}

static void DoCompare(Tuple<string, string> lhs, Tuple<string, string> rhs)
{
    Debug.LogFormat("{0} == {1}  :  {2}",
        lhs == null ? "NULL" : lhs.ToString(),
        rhs == null ? "NULL" : rhs.ToString(),
        (lhs == rhs)
    );
}

It should be noted that this code can be simplified considerably if you don't expect your tuples to contain null values. I personally don't feel comfortable making that assumption.

@michaelbartnett Thanks for the tuples! They've been exceptionally useful.

I believe there is a bug in Tuple4 Equals.

original:

        if (o.GetType() != typeof(NamedTuple<T1, T2, T3, T4>)) {
            return false;
        }

fix:

        if (!(o is NamedTuple<T1, T2, T3, T4>)) {
            return false;
        }