Benchmark ActiveModel vs Dry::Struct (with strict types)

dry-struct-active-model-benchmark.rb

require 'active_model'
require 'dry-struct'
require 'benchmark/ips'
require 'benchmark/memory'

class AMUser
  include ActiveModel::Model
  include ActiveModel::Attributes

  attribute :id, :integer
  attribute :name, :string
  attribute :birthday, :date
  attribute :last_logged_in_at, :datetime
end

class DryUser < Dry::Struct
  module Types
    include Dry::Types()
  end

  attribute :id, Types::Integer
  attribute :name, Types::String
  attribute :birthday, Types::Date
  attribute :last_logged_in_at, Types::Time
end

attributes = { id: 1, name: "Yuki", birthday: Date.new(1987, 12, 30), last_logged_in_at: Time.now }

Benchmark.ips do |x|
  x.report("ActiveModel") { AMUser.new(attributes) }
  x.report("DryStruct")   { DryUser.new(attributes) }
end

Benchmark.memory do |x|
  x.report("ActiveModel") { AMUser.new(attributes) }
  x.report("DryStruct")   { DryUser.new(attributes) }
end

results.txt

Warming up --------------------------------------
         ActiveModel    11.473k i/100ms
           DryStruct    26.361k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
         ActiveModel    106.109k (± 6.9%) i/s -    539.231k in   5.107054s
           DryStruct    362.653k (± 6.4%) i/s -      1.819M in   5.040403s
           
           
Calculating -------------------------------------
         ActiveModel     1,192 memsize (     0.000  retained)
                        20  objects (     0.000  retained)
                         8  strings (     0.000  retained)
           DryStruct   208  memsize (     0.000  retained)
                         2  objects (     0.000  retained)
                         0  strings (     0.000  retained)

As of 2023-06-19 the performance is relatively the same still. ActiveModel 6.1 and ActiveModel 7.0 have similar results:

ruby 3.1.4p223 (2023-03-30 revision 957bb7cb81) [arm64-darwin22]
Warming up --------------------------------------
         ActiveModel    20.912k i/100ms
           DryStruct    51.259k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
         ActiveModel    209.278k (± 0.7%) i/s -      1.067M in   5.096391s
           DryStruct    511.021k (± 0.8%) i/s -      2.563M in   5.015644s

Comparison:
           DryStruct:   511020.6 i/s
         ActiveModel:   209278.1 i/s - 2.44x  slower

Calculating -------------------------------------
         ActiveModel     1.024k memsize (   824.000  retained)
                        16.000  objects (    11.000  retained)
                         4.000  strings (     0.000  retained)
           DryStruct   208.000  memsize (     0.000  retained)
                         2.000  objects (     0.000  retained)
                         0.000  strings (     0.000  retained)

Comparison:
           DryStruct:        208 allocated
         ActiveModel:       1024 allocated - 4.92x more