A script for compiling Darktable on Windows using the Windows Subsystem for Linux ("bash for Windows") introduced in Win 10.

compile_darktable_on_windows.sh

#########################################
# DO NOT REPORT ANY BUGS FROM DARKTABLE INSTALLED THIS WAY. 
#
# This is an unofficial compilation & installation guide.
# Darktable developers explicitly say that they don't support Windows ANY way and won't fix ANY bugs on Windows.
# Please, respect their decision and do not bother them with Windows bugreports.
#
# If you find a bug, please verify it on a regular Linux/Mac system or inside a virtual machine.
#
# There is a chance an official Windows build will appear. Just subscribe to https://github.com/darktable-org/darktable/pull/1327 to be informed.
#########################################

# Script for building and running Darktable 2.2.1 on Windows Subsystem for Linux ("bash for Windows")

# If the subsystem is Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty), keep following this guide. 
# If you have the Ubuntu 16.04 subsystem, skip the following steps up to the point where it is said the guide applies to both subsystems.
# If you're not sure which subsystem you have, type "lsb_release -a" to the bash console.

# Add PPAs that update your Trusty system to a bit more modern one (beware, this may break your system!)
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:george-edison55/cmake-3.x
wget -O - http://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/trusty/ llvm-toolchain-trusty-3.9 main"
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:philip5/extra
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oded-geek/multimedia

# cherry-pick only the required packages from the added PPAs
echo "Package: *
Pin: release o=LP-PPA-gnome3-team
Pin-Priority: 400

Package: *libgtk*
Pin: release o=LP-PPA-gnome3-team
Pin-Priority: 500


Package: *
Pin: release o=LP-PPA-philip5-extra
Pin-Priority: 400

Package:  *exiv2*
Pin: release o=LP-PPA-philip5-extra
Pin-Priority: 500


Package:  *
Pin: release o=LP-PPA-oded-geek-multimedia
Pin-Priority: 400

Package:  *openjp2*
Pin: release o=LP-PPA-oded-geek-multimedia
Pin-Priority: 500" | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/darktable-2_2-pin-400

# Install newer versions of software
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install cmake
sudo apt-get install llvm-3.9
sudo apt-get install clang-3.9
sudo apt-get install exiv2

LIBOPENJP2=libopenjp27-dev

# After you git-clone the darktable repository (see below), open src/CMakeLists.txt and change lines
# find_package(GTK3 3.14 REQUIRED)
# add_definitions("-DGDK_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED=GDK_VERSION_3_14")
# to
# find_package(GTK3 3.12 REQUIRED)
# add_definitions("-DGDK_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED=GDK_VERSION_3_12")

###############################################################################
# From now on, the guide should apply to both Ubuntu 14.04 and 16.04 systems. #
###############################################################################

if [[ "$LIBOPENJP2" -eq "" ]]; then LIBOPENJP2=libopenjp2-7-dev; fi

# install required and optional dependencies
sudo apt-get install gcc g++ cmake intltool xsltproc libgtk-3-dev libxml2-utils libxml2-dev liblensfun-dev librsvg2-dev libsqlite3-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libjpeg-dev libtiff5-dev liblcms2-dev libjson-glib-dev libexiv2-dev libpugixml-dev python3-pkg-resources
sudo apt-get install libgphoto2-dev libsoup2.4-dev libopenexr-dev libwebp-dev libopenjpeg-dev libsecret-1-dev libgraphicsmagick1-dev libcolord-dev libcolord-gtk-dev libcups2-dev libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev libgl1-mesa-dev python3-jsonschema $LIBOPENJP2

# get Darktable
sudo apt-get install git
git clone --recursive https://github.com/darktable-org/darktable.git
cd darktable/
# put any version number you'd like... but this guide is only verified to work with 2.2.x releases.
git checkout release-2.2.1

# Build Darktable
./build.sh 

# Install Darktable (change the absolute path to whatever your build.sh command suggests)
sudo cmake --build "/mnt/d/Programování/tmp/darktable/build" --target install -- -j8

# Run Darktable; in order for this command to succeed, you first need to run Xming in Windows
DISPLAY=:0 LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 /opt/darktable/bin/darktable

If you install confilct for libcurl4-gnutls-dev, it may be because you've already installed libcurl4-somethingelse-dev, and they can't be installed simultaneousely. In such case, just go on wihtout this package, it should work.