Dist-Upgrade Debian 10 Buster to Debian 12 Bookworm

dist-upgrade-buster-to-bookworm.sh

# Debian 10
apt-get -y update
apt-get -y upgrade --without-new-pkgs
apt-get -y full-upgrade

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<"EOF"
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main
deb http://security.debian.org/bullseye-security bullseye-security/updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/bullseye-security bullseye-security/updates main
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main
EOF

apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 605C66F00D6C9793 6ED0E7B82643E131 0E98404D386FA1D9

apt-get clean
apt-get -y update

apt-get -y upgrade --without-new-pkgs
apt-get -y full-upgrade

shutdown -r now

# Debian 11

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<"EOF"
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main
deb http://security.debian.org/bookworm-security bookworm-security/updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/bookworm-security bookworm-security/updates main
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main
EOF

apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys BDE6D2B9216EC7A8

apt-get clean
apt-get -y update

apt-get -y upgrade --without-new-pkgs
apt-get -y full-upgrade

# issue with libcrypt.so.1
cd /tmp
apt -y download libcrypt1
dpkg-deb -x libcrypt1_1*a4.4.25-2_amd64.deb .
cp -av lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/* /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
apt -y --fix-broken install

apt-get -y upgrade --without-new-pkgs
apt-get -y full-upgrade

apt-get -y auto-remove
shutdown -r now

Little error in your script:
deb http://security.debian.org/bullseye-security bullseye-security/updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/bullseye-security bullseye-security/updates main

replace by

deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security/updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security/updates main

thx for the script :)

I got error

Err:5 http://security.debian.org/bookworm-security bookworm-security/updates Release
  404  Not Found [IP: 199.232.170.132 80]
Hit:6 http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt google-cloud-packages-archive-keyring-buster InRelease
Hit:7 http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt google-compute-engine-buster-stable InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
E: The repository 'http://security.debian.org/bookworm-security bookworm-security/updates Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.

For me works next fix:

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<"EOF"
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main

deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main
EOF

instead of: deb http://security.debian.org/bookworm-security bookworm-security/updates main I have used deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main

Agree with Alexey and others after - change the url its fine.

The libcrypt I didn't have to deal with. However! usrmerge!

They are merging filesystems and links in /usr

I did NOT install usrmerge prior to upgrade from 11 to 12 - and ran into issues. If I installed the usrmerge after 11, but before 12, it all worked fine.

Note

2024-9-29 for the total updated scripts including all the suggestion above and tested well
Tags: Debain
Created: September 29, 2024 12:50 PM
Updated: September 29, 2024 1:09 PM

1. Debian10 - Debian11

apt-get -y update
apt-get -y upgrade --without-new-pkgs
apt-get -y full-upgrade

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<"EOF"
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security/updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security/updates main
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main
EOF

apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 605C66F00D6C9793 6ED0E7B82643E131 0E98404D386FA1D9

apt-get clean
apt-get -y update

apt-get -y upgrade --without-new-pkgs
apt-get -y full-upgrade

shutdown -r now

2. Debian11 - Debian12

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<"EOF"
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main

deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main
EOF

apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys BDE6D2B9216EC7A8

apt-get clean
apt-get -y update

apt-get -y upgrade --without-new-pkgs
apt-get -y full-upgrade

# issue with libcrypt.so.1
cd /tmp
apt -y download libcrypt1
dpkg-deb -x libcrypt1_*.deb .
cp -av lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/* /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
apt -y --fix-broken install

apt-get -y upgrade --without-new-pkgs
apt-get -y full-upgrade

apt-get -y auto-remove
shutdown -r now

Why run both apt-get upgrade and apt-get full-upgrade instead of just running apt-get full-upgrade to do all of the upgrades in one go?

Because that's what you do, stop asking such questions.