Sample Test Case with Embedded Kafka https://blog.mimacom.com/testing-apache-kafka-with-spring-boot-junit5/

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>demo</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
					<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-kafka-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

SimpleKafkaTest.java

package com.example.demo;

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.Producer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaProducerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.listener.ContainerProperties;
import org.springframework.kafka.listener.KafkaMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.kafka.listener.MessageListener;
import org.springframework.kafka.test.EmbeddedKafkaBroker;
import org.springframework.kafka.test.context.EmbeddedKafka;
import org.springframework.kafka.test.utils.ContainerTestUtils;
import org.springframework.kafka.test.utils.KafkaTestUtils;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

@EmbeddedKafka
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
public class SimpleKafkaTest {

    private static final String TOPIC = "domain-events";

    @Autowired
    private EmbeddedKafkaBroker embeddedKafkaBroker;

    BlockingQueue<ConsumerRecord<String, String>> records;

    KafkaMessageListenerContainer<String, String> container;

    @BeforeAll
    void setUp() {
        Map<String, Object> configs = new HashMap<>(KafkaTestUtils.consumerProps("consumer", "false", embeddedKafkaBroker));
        DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<String, String> consumerFactory = new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(configs, new StringDeserializer(), new StringDeserializer());
        ContainerProperties containerProperties = new ContainerProperties(TOPIC);
        container = new KafkaMessageListenerContainer<>(consumerFactory, containerProperties);
        records = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
        container.setupMessageListener((MessageListener<String, String>) records::add);
        container.start();
        ContainerTestUtils.waitForAssignment(container, embeddedKafkaBroker.getPartitionsPerTopic());
    }

    @AfterAll
    void tearDown() {
        container.stop();
    }

    @Test
    public void kafkaSetup_withTopic_ensureSendMessageIsReceived() throws Exception {
        // Arrange
        Map<String, Object> configs = new HashMap<>(KafkaTestUtils.producerProps(embeddedKafkaBroker));
        Producer<String, String> producer = new DefaultKafkaProducerFactory<>(configs, new StringSerializer(), new StringSerializer()).createProducer();

        // Act
        producer.send(new ProducerRecord<>(TOPIC, "my-aggregate-id", "{\"event\":\"Test Event\"}"));
        producer.flush();

        // Assert
        ConsumerRecord<String, String> singleRecord = records.poll(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        assertThat(singleRecord).isNotNull();
        assertThat(singleRecord.key()).isEqualTo("my-aggregate-id");
        assertThat(singleRecord.value()).isEqualTo("{\"event\":\"Test Event\"}");
    }

}

Hi @vzickner, thank you for your response.
I am using below mvn dependencies versions:
spring-kafka: 2.4.5.RELEASE
spring-kafka-test: 2.4.5.RELEASE
junit-jupiter: 5.5.2
java: 1.8
no specific version mentioned for the dependency for spring-boot-starter and spring-boot-starter-test
my application is currently testing locally on a window machine.
I have more dependencies than the one in your sample but are not Kafka related.

That is newer than the version which is coming with spring-boot 2.2.7.RELEASE.
However, when I change the dependencies manually to the new version the test case above still runs for me without any modifications:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.7.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>demo</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
			<version>2.4.5.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
					<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-kafka-test</artifactId>
			<version>2.4.5.RELEASE</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

Can you check if it works in a simplified environment? Maybe you have version conflicts somewhere in your dependency tree on your classpath.

how would we test exiting container annotated with @kafkalistener?

Hi @kkarnwal,
you can use the same setup with @KafkaListener. This is just a simple example how to do the setup.
Valentin

If I load my existing container using spring runner, i checked with KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry, it is loading that container and showing running as status but when i sending the message using above sample producer to same topic where consumer is listening it is not comming there. what did you mean by statement - you can use the same setup with @KafkaListener
can you plz give one sample

What do you mean by container?

@vzickner I would like to continue @kkarnwal question. I have a class that doesn't inherit from anything with a method annotated with @KafkaListener. What should I do to register that class for the topic in EmbeddedKafkaBroker?

@vzickner can we use EmbeddedKafka in normal spring-boot application instead of tests?

@priyankaa-patil not sure if you are, but the dependency where it's part of is made for testing. I wouldn't recommend doing it

Hi, do you know how to fix it this error?
Failed to load application context
caused by org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'embeddedKafka': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: kafka.utils.Logging.$init$(LKafka/utils/Logging;)V
Not sure what version has that class

Thanks for this sample @vzickner!

Just FYI it seems that the two new HashMap<>(...) wrappers are not needed any more, at least in recent versions as they are set anyway internally by DefaultKafkaProducerFactory and DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory.

Hi @vzickner, thanks for this kafka spring junit gist. However, I fail to understand what are we trying to test in the above example. Looks like we are trying to produce a message and and then reading it from the consumer. How can this test be used to test the topology using an integration test?

Hi @surysharma, this test is just to illustrate how you can use the Kafka testing framework. You would either replace the sending or the receiving part with your actual code which you would like to test or plug the functionality you would like to have in the middle (send and receive from different topics)

@vzickner I want to test some error scenarios like:

1. Sending message to wrong topic
2. When broker is down
3. Timeout exception

How can I simulate this scenarios using spring-kafka-test? I had a hard time finding solutions for the above.

Hi @karan413255, I don't think they are a great fit for Spring Kafka. You would like to test your connection properties rather than the code. But looking at your list:

1. Sending message to wrong topic: Just send the message to another topic. Question here is what your expected behavior would be.
2. When broker is done: You don't even need to setup Spring Kafka. Just specify a port that doesn't exist. Again, expected behavior?
3. Timeout exception: Hard to test, question is which kind of timeout? Response from Kafka or you are not receiving a message?

hello, this example helped me a lot thanks. i have one question about Embedded Kafka. suppose i have few different test suites. how can i share the same embedded kafka broker? i think it will be redundant to start one for each test.
thanks