Subclass of NSOperation (Operation) to make it asynchronous in Swift 3, 4, 5

AsynchronousOperation.swift

//  Created by Vasily Ulianov on 09.02.17, updated in 2019.
//  License: MIT

import Foundation

/// Subclass of `Operation` that adds support of asynchronous operations.
/// 1. Call `super.main()` when override `main` method.
/// 2. When operation is finished or cancelled set `state = .finished` or `finish()`
open class AsynchronousOperation: Operation {
    public override var isAsynchronous: Bool {
        return true
    }
    
    public override var isExecuting: Bool {
        return state == .executing
    }
    
    public override var isFinished: Bool {
        return state == .finished
    }
    
    public override func start() {
        if self.isCancelled {
            state = .finished
        } else {
            state = .ready
            main()
        }
    }
    
    open override func main() {
        if self.isCancelled {
            state = .finished
        } else {
            state = .executing
        }
    }
    
    public func finish() {
        state = .finished
    }
    
    // MARK: - State management
    
    public enum State: String {
        case ready = "Ready"
        case executing = "Executing"
        case finished = "Finished"
        fileprivate var keyPath: String { return "is" + self.rawValue }
    }
    
    /// Thread-safe computed state value
    public var state: State {
        get {
            stateQueue.sync {
                return stateStore
            }
        }
        set {
            let oldValue = state
            willChangeValue(forKey: state.keyPath)
            willChangeValue(forKey: newValue.keyPath)
            stateQueue.sync(flags: .barrier) {
                stateStore = newValue
            }
            didChangeValue(forKey: state.keyPath)
            didChangeValue(forKey: oldValue.keyPath)
        }
    }
    
    private let stateQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "AsynchronousOperation State Queue", attributes: .concurrent)
    
    /// Non thread-safe state storage, use only with locks
    private var stateStore: State = .ready
}

Cool! and thanks @nickkohrn for your valuable comment!

@nickkohrn, maybe you don't need to call super if you're directly subclassing Operation. But if you subclass AsynchronousOperation you have to call super, because there are some work is done inside my implementation of that methods. For example state = .executing won't be executed and your implementation will become buggy.

state is not thread-safe, setting state might cause TSAN issues.

that if else in main() though... 4 lines of code waisted

that if else in main() though... 4 lines of code waisted

Why? You need to flag operation as executing before performing any actions, also operation maybe cancelled even before starting.

Awesome thanks Sorix. I made one example project to understand also.

If you are looking for threadsafety solution, consider this:
https://github.com/richardtin/Advanced-NSOperations/blob/672023bc066eae6c3a9b2ed985b8c40a4e604a77/Earthquakes/Operations/Operation.swift

@Sorix think he meant that you could have written state = self.isCancelled ? .finished : .executing :)

I updated my code to make it a thread-safe one. Please update applications that use that code to avoid cryptic fatal errors like EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION (code=EXC_I386_INVOP, subcode=0x0).

In spite of that code is a thread-safe, please don't crush your application if you use a non-thread safe code inside your operation's completion or inside an operation, e.g.:

var someArray = [Int]()
let queue = OperationQueue()

for _ in 1...10000 {
    // For test purposes I've added `finish()` inside that async operation to finish that operation
    let operation = AsynchronousOperation()
    operation.completionBlock = {
        // We concurrently modifing a shared array from all operations
        // Setting data is not thread-safe, at some point we will receive a crash
        someArray.append(1)
    }
    queue.addOperation(operation)
}

queue.waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished()
print(someArray)

P.S. Thanks to @DanSkeel, @zhihuitang who noted that.

As per the Apple Documentation, you will need only main function to operate the synchronous operation. For asynchronous operation, you are required to override start function and instance properties(isAsynchronous, isExecuting and isFinished). Also, you need to call the functions for asynchronous behaviour from start function. But here its not mentioned anything about the same.

As per the Apple Documentation, you will need only main function to operate the synchronous operation. For asynchronous operation, you are required to override start function and instance properties(isAsynchronous, isExecuting and isFinished). Also, you need to call the functions for asynchronous behaviour from start function. But here its not mentioned anything about the same.

I overrode the methods you mentioned. You could call async code anywhere you want, it's up to you to override methods in your operation.

I updated my code to make it a thread-safe one. Please update applications that use that code to avoid cryptic fatal errors like EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION (code=EXC_I386_INVOP, subcode=0x0).

In spite of that code is a thread-safe, please don't crush your application if you use a non-thread safe code inside your operation's completion or inside an operation, e.g.:

var someArray = [Int]()
let queue = OperationQueue()

for _ in 1...10000 {
    // For test purposes I've added `finish()` inside that async operation to finish that operation
    let operation = AsynchronousOperation()
    operation.completionBlock = {
        // We concurrently modifing a shared array from all operations
        // Setting data is not thread-safe, at some point we will receive a crash
        someArray.append(1)
    }
    queue.addOperation(operation)
}

queue.waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished()
print(someArray)

P.S. Thanks to @DanSkeel, @zhihuitang who noted that.

@Sorix I have a question related to this. I update dictionary as you did with array. How that can be solved? So basically result of every operation I need to keep somewhere in order to access it later. thx