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WSL 2 - Enabling systemd
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README.md

Enable systemd in WSL 2

NOTE: If you have Windows 11 there is now an official way to do this in WSL 2, use it if possible - see MS post here (WINDOWS 11 ONLY)

This guide will enable systemd to run as normal under WSL 2. This will enable services like microk8s, docker and many more to just work during a WSL session. Note: this was tested on Windows 10 Build 2004, running Ubuntu 20.04 LTS in WSL 2.

  • To enable systemd under WSL we require a tool called systemd-genie

  • Copy the contents of install-sg.sh to a new file /tmp/install-sg.sh:

    cd /tmp
wget --content-disposition \
  "https://gist.githubusercontent.com/djfdyuruiry/6720faa3f9fc59bfdf6284ee1f41f950/raw/952347f805045ba0e6ef7868b18f4a9a8dd2e47a/install-sg.sh"

  • Make it executable:

    chmod +x /tmp/install-sg.sh

  • Run the new script:

    /tmp/install-sg.sh && rm /tmp/install-sg.sh

  • Exit the WSL terminal and shutdown the WSL env:

    wsl --shutdown

  • To open a new WSL terminal with systemd enabled, run:

    wsl genie -s

  • Prove that it works:

    sudo systemctl status time-sync.target
Raw
install-sg.sh
#! /usr/bin/env bash
set -e
# change these if you want
UBUNTU_VERSION="20.04"
GENIE_VERSION="1.44"
GENIE_FILE="systemd-genie_${GENIE_VERSION}_amd64"
GENIE_FILE_PATH="/tmp/${GENIE_FILE}.deb"
GENIE_DIR_PATH="/tmp/${GENIE_FILE}"
function installDebPackage() {
# install repackaged systemd-genie
sudo dpkg -i "${GENIE_FILE_PATH}"
rm -rf "${GENIE_FILE_PATH}"
}
function downloadDebPackage() {
rm -f "${GENIE_FILE_PATH}"
pushd /tmp
wget --content-disposition \
"https://github.com/arkane-systems/genie/releases/download/v${GENIE_VERSION}/systemd-genie_${GENIE_VERSION}_amd64.deb"
popd
}
function installDependencies() {
sudo apt-get update
wget --content-disposition \
"https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/${UBUNTU_VERSION}/packages-microsoft-prod.deb"
sudo dpkg -i packages-microsoft-prod.deb
rm packages-microsoft-prod.deb
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y \
daemonize \
dotnet-runtime-5.0 \
systemd-container
sudo rm -f /usr/sbin/daemonize
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/daemonize /usr/sbin/daemonize
}
function main() {
installDependencies
downloadDebPackage
installDebPackage
}
main
@redlinejoes
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redlinejoes commented Jan 13, 2023 •
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Please read the documentation for WSL upgrades.

Check your version of WSL on Windows 10 by using the following command:
wsl --version

If that command does not return WSL version: 1.0+, you do not have the correct version of WSL.

You can fork this Gist, but you'll still be using deprecated code and methods that are no longer supported and should not be used.

If you want support for WSL, we can help you.
What is the actual issue you are experiencing?
What exactly does not work on Windows 10?
What did you specifically try that failed?

Post the response to the wsl --version command and also check that you have properly configured systemd using the Microsoft supported and recommend method using "/etc/wsl.config"

@Guidoow
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Guidoow commented Mar 14, 2023 •
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Works perfectly on Debian!
Thanks!

But there is a little problem when I do systemd

starting with PID 1 "init"
with and without being superuser:
Trying to run as user instance, but $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set.

starting with PID 1 systemd: (wsl genie -s)

Failed to create /user.slice/user-1000.slice/session-c3.scope/init.scope control group: Permission denied
Failed to allocate manager object: Permission denied

as super user:
Trying to run as user instance, but $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set.

About xdg_runtime_dir:
env | grep XDG_RUNTIME_DIR

XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000

Any kind of help would be appreciated, im very new on linux, thanks!

Note that i do not need to execute systemd because systemctl actually works fine, I just want to solve this and know what is wrong. <3

@redlinejoes
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Works perfectly on Debian! Thanks!

But there is a little problem when I do systemd

starting with PID 1 "init" with and without being superuser: Trying to run as user instance, but $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set.

starting with PID 1 systemd: (wsl genie -s)

Failed to create /user.slice/user-1000.slice/session-c3.scope/init.scope control group: Permission denied
Failed to allocate manager object: Permission denied

as super user: Trying to run as user instance, but $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set.

About xdg_runtime_dir: env | grep XDG_RUNTIME_DIR

XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000

Any kind of help would be appreciated, im very new on linux, thanks!

Note that i do not need to execute systemd because systemctl actually works fine, I just want to solve this and know what is wrong. <3

The procedure described in this gist has been out of date for over 4 months.
Nobody should follow this guide anymore. It's deprecated.
It should be removed from the Internet, so it stops people from following it.
Too many people come here, fail to read the comments and end up in your situation.
At this time, this gist is causing more harm than good.
It is especially concerning the amount of "very new to linux" users that stumble on this gist and have a bad experience with WSL or Linux in general.

@tuxflo
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tuxflo commented Mar 14, 2023 •
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It may be worth mentioning, that the "updated way" of enabling systemd also works in Windows 10 (not just Windows 11 as stated in the header section of the gist).
I was using this method for a long time because I thought the official way is Windows 11 only and my company managed PC is not able to upgrade to Windows 11.
Just update WSL and follow the official docs on how to enable systemd.

@Mart-Bogdan
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Mart-Bogdan commented Mar 14, 2023 •
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It may be worth mentioning, that the "updated way" of enabling systemd also works in Windows 10 (not just Windows 11 as stated in the header section of the gist).

Yeah. Thanks, @tuxflo. I can confirm that it works on Windows 10.0.19045.2604

But start up time is slower than raw WSL without systemd.

Option with genie allowed you to chose whether to launch systemd)

@Guidoow
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Guidoow commented Mar 14, 2023

The procedure described in this gist has been out of date for over 4 months. Nobody should follow this guide anymore. It's deprecated. It should be removed from the Internet, so it stops people from following it. Too many people come here, fail to read the comments and end up in your situation. At this time, this gist is causing more harm than good. It is especially concerning the amount of "very new to linux" users that stumble on this gist and have a bad experience with WSL or Linux in general.

I don't think so @redlinejoes, maybe you can explain more.
If "no one should use this guide", how can a WSL user use systemctl any other way? In my case, I couldn't use systemctl before (because PID 1 = init != systemd) and now I can with this script.
I just flagged a simple error with the systemd command and|or the configuration. I tried a few commands (including systemctl) that didn't work before, but now with this script, are perfectly working and solved some of my problems.

I found another method to start with systemd as PID 1 which is detailed here:
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/systemd-support-is-now-available-in-wsl/
But it throws similar errors as this method, and some more like "Failed to connect to bus: No such file or directory" when tried to execute systemctl without super user.

There is any method that u recommend to solve this?

@tuxflo
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tuxflo commented Mar 14, 2023

But start up time is slower than raw WSL without systemd.

Well I guess you could simulate the switch between systemd and non systemd with a script that toggles the boolean value systemd = true in the wsl.conf but I'm happy with systemd at all time (since I had reasons for enabling it).

@Mart-Bogdan
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I found another method to start with systemd as PID 1 which is detailed here:
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/systemd-support-is-now-available-in-wsl/
But it throws similar errors as this method, and some more like "Failed to connect to bus: No such file or directory" when tried to execute systemctl without super user.

@Guidoow did you run wsl --update ?

@Mart-Bogdan
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Well I guess you could simulate the switch between systemd and non systemd with a script that toggles the boolean value systemd = true in the wsl.conf but I'm happy with systemd at all time (since I had reasons for enabling it).

@tuxflo but you need to run WSL first, yes? Coz that file is inside /etc/wsl.conf, not on a host.

But that's fine, yes. Benefits are better, can wait few seconds :-)

@Guidoow
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Guidoow commented Mar 15, 2023 •
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@Guidoow did you run wsl --update ?

@Mart-Bogdan yes, I did.
After WSL and Debian reinstallation and properly update, using this script, It is working PERFECT, Including the above error of systemd $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR. Thanks!

@redlinejoes
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I don't think so @redlinejoes, maybe you can explain more. If "no one should use this guide", how can a WSL user use systemctl any other way?

There is any method that u recommend to solve this?

You are operating with the assumption that the last six months of development didn't happen.

There is no reason for that when all the necessary information is included in this thread.

This leads one to believe you have yet to read and comprehend it.

The answer you seek is explained in detail in this thread. You must do yourself a favor and read my previous comment fully.
https://gist.github.com/djfdyuruiry/6720faa3f9fc59bfdf6284ee1f41f950?permalink_comment_id=4410998#gistcomment-4410998

There is no reason anyone should use the methods described in this guide. This Gist does more harm than good and is damaging to the open-source software community since the release of WSL version: 1.0.3.0.

@tertek
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tertek commented Jun 27, 2023 •
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This is much easier in 2023, source: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/systemd-support-is-now-available-in-wsl/
Just ensure you have the latest version of WSL:

wsl --update
wsl --version
# soemthing like this
WSL version: 1.2.5.0
Kernel version: 5.15.90.1
WSLg version: 1.0.51
MSRDC version: 1.2.3770
Direct3D version: 1.608.2-61064218
DXCore version: 10.0.25131.1002-220531-1700.rs-onecore-base2-hyp
Windows version: 10.0.19045.3086

Simply add within your distro, e.g. Ubuntu inside /etc/wsl.conf:

[boot]
systemd = true

@redlinejoes
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This is much easier in 2023, source: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/systemd-support-is-now-available-in-wsl/ Just ensure you have the latest version of WSL:

wsl --update
wsl --version
# soemthing like this
WSL version: 1.2.5.0
Kernel version: 5.15.90.1
WSLg version: 1.0.51
MSRDC version: 1.2.3770
Direct3D version: 1.608.2-61064218
DXCore version: 10.0.25131.1002-220531-1700.rs-onecore-base2-hyp
Windows version: 10.0.19045.3086

Simply add within your distro, e.g. Ubuntu inside /etc/wsl.conf:

[boot]
systemd = true

It's been this way since 2022.
Read my reply from Dec 2022.
I copied the link here for you to make it easier for you to find and read.

https://gist.github.com/djfdyuruiry/6720faa3f9fc59bfdf6284ee1f41f950?permalink_comment_id=4410998#gistcomment-4410998

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