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☁️ How I got off the cloud and migrated everything from AWS to a VPS in Hetzner

This is an opinionated handbook on how I migrated all my Rails apps off the cloud and into VPS.

This is how I manage real production loads for my Rails apps. It assumes:

• Rails 7+
• Ruby 3+
• PostgreSQL
• Ubuntu Server 24.04
• Capistrano, Puma, Nginx

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Configurations to Remember

boot & shutdown

/etc/default/grub => get back to terminal messages

/etc/systemd/system.conf => limit start-/stop-jobs to 3s

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Setup

Add this to your .profile, .bashrc, .zshrc...

decode_base64_url() {
  local len=$((${#1} % 4))
  local result="$1"
  if [ $len -eq 2 ]; then result="$1"'=='
  elif [ $len -eq 3 ]; then result="$1"'=' 
  fi
 echo "$result" | tr '_-' '/+' | openssl enc -d -base64

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## Context + metadata
shared_context 'Logged as a user', role: true do
  let(:user) { |example| create :user, example.metadata[:role] }
  before { login_as user }
end

scenario "Login as a client", role: :client
scenario "Login as a customer", role: :customer
scenario "Login as an admin", role: :admin

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Connect to linux box behind NAT

destination (10.0.0.3) <- |NAT| <- source (192.168.1.105)

1. SSH from the destination to the source (with public ip)

   ssh -f -N -R 19999:localhost:22 [email protected]

2. SSH from source to destination through above tunel

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# Rake task to help migrating a rails 3 app to rails 4 strong_parameters.
# The task generates source code for helper methods for each model class
# to 'permit' the attributes.
# The generated methods are intended as starting point to copy&paste in the
# controller and than edit the permitted attributs.
# Some common names of non-editable attributes are already filtered,
# like 'id', 'password' or 'created_at'.
# The output is written to stdout so you can pipe it into a file
#
# Dependencies:

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Rails Rspec APIs Testing Notes

Folders Structure

  spec
  |--- apis #do not put into controllers folder. 
        |--- your_api_test_spec.rb  
  |--- controllers
  |--- models
  |--- factories
 |--- views

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describe PostPolicy do
  let(:scope) { Post.where(:published => true }
  subject(:policy_scope) { PostPolicy::Scope.new(user, scope).resolve }

  permissions ".scope" do
    context "for an ordinary user"
      let(:user)  { User.new(:admin => false) }

      it "hides unpublished post" do
        post = Post.create(:published => false)

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require 'will_paginate/array'
 
describe "recurrences/index" do
  let(:recurrences) do [
    FactoryGirl.build(:recurrence, scheduled_to: "2012-07-05"),
    FactoryGirl.build(:recurrence, scheduled_to: "2012-07-12"),
    FactoryGirl.build(:recurrence, scheduled_to: "2012-07-19")
  ]
  end
 

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require 'will_paginate/array'

describe "recurrences/index" do
  let(:recurrences) do [
    FactoryGirl.build(:recurrence, scheduled_to: "2012-07-05"),
    FactoryGirl.build(:recurrence, scheduled_to: "2012-07-12"),
    FactoryGirl.build(:recurrence, scheduled_to: "2012-07-19")
  ]
  end