3D spinning donut in Python. Based on the pseudocode from: https://www.a1k0n.net/2011/07/20/donut-math.html

donut.py

import numpy as np

screen_size = 40
theta_spacing = 0.07
phi_spacing = 0.02
illumination = np.fromiter(".,-~:;=!*#$@", dtype="<U1")

A = 1
B = 1
R1 = 1
R2 = 2
K2 = 5
K1 = screen_size * K2 * 3 / (8 * (R1 + R2))


def render_frame(A: float, B: float) -> np.ndarray:
    """
    Returns a frame of the spinning 3D donut.
    Based on the pseudocode from: https://www.a1k0n.net/2011/07/20/donut-math.html
    """
    cos_A = np.cos(A)
    sin_A = np.sin(A)
    cos_B = np.cos(B)
    sin_B = np.sin(B)

    output = np.full((screen_size, screen_size), " ")  # (40, 40)
    zbuffer = np.zeros((screen_size, screen_size))  # (40, 40)

    cos_phi = np.cos(phi := np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, phi_spacing))  # (315,)
    sin_phi = np.sin(phi)  # (315,)
    cos_theta = np.cos(theta := np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, theta_spacing))  # (90,)
    sin_theta = np.sin(theta)  # (90,)
    circle_x = R2 + R1 * cos_theta  # (90,)
    circle_y = R1 * sin_theta  # (90,)

    x = (np.outer(cos_B * cos_phi + sin_A * sin_B * sin_phi, circle_x) - circle_y * cos_A * sin_B).T  # (90, 315)
    y = (np.outer(sin_B * cos_phi - sin_A * cos_B * sin_phi, circle_x) + circle_y * cos_A * cos_B).T  # (90, 315)
    z = ((K2 + cos_A * np.outer(sin_phi, circle_x)) + circle_y * sin_A).T  # (90, 315)
    ooz = np.reciprocal(z)  # Calculates 1/z
    xp = (screen_size / 2 + K1 * ooz * x).astype(int)  # (90, 315)
    yp = (screen_size / 2 - K1 * ooz * y).astype(int)  # (90, 315)
    L1 = (((np.outer(cos_phi, cos_theta) * sin_B) - cos_A * np.outer(sin_phi, cos_theta)) - sin_A * sin_theta)  # (315, 90)
    L2 = cos_B * (cos_A * sin_theta - np.outer(sin_phi, cos_theta * sin_A))  # (315, 90)
    L = np.around(((L1 + L2) * 8)).astype(int).T  # (90, 315)
    mask_L = L >= 0  # (90, 315)
    chars = illumination[L]  # (90, 315)

    for i in range(90):
        mask = mask_L[i] & (ooz[i] > zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]])  # (315,)

        zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]] = np.where(mask, ooz[i], zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]])
        output[xp[i], yp[i]] = np.where(mask, chars[i], output[xp[i], yp[i]])

    return output


def pprint(array: np.ndarray) -> None:
    """Pretty print the frame."""
    print(*[" ".join(row) for row in array], sep="\n")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    for _ in range(screen_size * screen_size):
        A += theta_spacing
        B += phi_spacing
        print("\x1b[H")
        pprint(render_frame(A, B))

Awesome!

nice!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

cool!

Really cool!

Putting a sleep of 0.05s at for loop make it perfect.

what line bro?

Umm, I have took this code and copied it to one of my projects
don't worry I gave credit
Just want your permission
btw this is the link to my project
https://github.com/RathoreAgastya/terminal-in-python

Really cool!
Putting a sleep of 0.05s at for loop make it perfect.

what line bro?

did you understood ?
you can import time
then add this line time.sleep(0.08)
at the top of the line 22

it's not working for me, something about no module named numpy

just download it:
pip install numpy

My donut won't stay in place and spin, it just creates new frames under itself :( I'm using pycharm

nice

Is there a way to slow down the donut? Mine is spinning like a BeyBlade.

@Duxedough

Is there a way to slow down the donut? Mine is spinning like a BeyBlade.

For sure! Follow this instructions:

1. Import sleep function from time module.

import numpy as np
from time import sleep  # Add this module

# Rest of the code [...]

2. Add sleep function in loop.

# [...] Rest of the code ^

if __name__ == "__main__":
    for _ in range(screen_size * screen_size):
        A += theta_spacing
        B += phi_spacing
        print("\x1b[H")
        pprint(render_frame(A, B))
        sleep(0.05)                # Add sleep funcion here!
                                   # Try diffrent seconds!

Complete "slowed" code :

import numpy as np
from time import sleep  

screen_size = 40
theta_spacing = 0.07
phi_spacing = 0.02
illumination = np.fromiter(".,-~:;=!*#$@", dtype="<U1")

A = 1
B = 1
R1 = 1
R2 = 2
K2 = 5
K1 = screen_size * K2 * 3 / (8 * (R1 + R2))


def render_frame(A: float, B: float) -> np.ndarray:
    """
    Returns a frame of the spinning 3D donut.
    Based on the pseudocode from: https://www.a1k0n.net/2011/07/20/donut-math.html
    """
    cos_A = np.cos(A)
    sin_A = np.sin(A)
    cos_B = np.cos(B)
    sin_B = np.sin(B)

    output = np.full((screen_size, screen_size), " ")  # (40, 40)
    zbuffer = np.zeros((screen_size, screen_size))  # (40, 40)

    cos_phi = np.cos(phi := np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, phi_spacing))  # (315,)
    sin_phi = np.sin(phi)  # (315,)
    cos_theta = np.cos(theta := np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, theta_spacing))  # (90,)
    sin_theta = np.sin(theta)  # (90,)
    circle_x = R2 + R1 * cos_theta  # (90,)
    circle_y = R1 * sin_theta  # (90,)

    x = (np.outer(cos_B * cos_phi + sin_A * sin_B * sin_phi, circle_x) - circle_y * cos_A * sin_B).T  # (90, 315)
    y = (np.outer(sin_B * cos_phi - sin_A * cos_B * sin_phi, circle_x) + circle_y * cos_A * cos_B).T  # (90, 315)
    z = ((K2 + cos_A * np.outer(sin_phi, circle_x)) + circle_y * sin_A).T  # (90, 315)
    ooz = np.reciprocal(z)  # Calculates 1/z
    xp = (screen_size / 2 + K1 * ooz * x).astype(int)  # (90, 315)
    yp = (screen_size / 2 - K1 * ooz * y).astype(int)  # (90, 315)
    L1 = (((np.outer(cos_phi, cos_theta) * sin_B) - cos_A * np.outer(sin_phi, cos_theta)) - sin_A * sin_theta)  # (315, 90)
    L2 = cos_B * (cos_A * sin_theta - np.outer(sin_phi, cos_theta * sin_A))  # (315, 90)
    L = np.around(((L1 + L2) * 8)).astype(int).T  # (90, 315)
    mask_L = L >= 0  # (90, 315)
    chars = illumination[L]  # (90, 315)

    for i in range(90):
        mask = mask_L[i] & (ooz[i] > zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]])  # (315,)

        zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]] = np.where(mask, ooz[i], zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]])
        output[xp[i], yp[i]] = np.where(mask, chars[i], output[xp[i], yp[i]])

    return output


def pprint(array: np.ndarray) -> None:
    """Pretty print the frame."""
    print(*[" ".join(row) for row in array], sep="\n")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    for _ in range(screen_size * screen_size):
        A += theta_spacing
        B += phi_spacing
        print("\x1b[H")
        pprint(render_frame(A, B))
        sleep(0.05)                # Add sleep funcion here!
                                   # Try diffrent seconds!

Thank you very much, iijwpy! I enjoy my donut much better now. Stay blessed!

miih cant run it

Nice

im so happy

using os library.It better

like this:

import numpy as np
from time import sleep
import os

screen_size = 40
theta_spacing = 0.07
phi_spacing = 0.02
illumination = np.fromiter(".,-~:;=!*#$@", dtype="<U1")

A = 1
B = 1
R1 = 1
R2 = 2
K2 = 5
K1 = screen_size * K2 * 3 / (8 * (R1 + R2))

def render_frame(A: float, B: float) -> np.ndarray:
"""
Returns a frame of the spinning 3D donut.
Based on the pseudocode from: https://www.a1k0n.net/2011/07/20/donut-math.html
"""
cos_A = np.cos(A)
sin_A = np.sin(A)
cos_B = np.cos(B)
sin_B = np.sin(B)

output = np.full((screen_size, screen_size), " ")  # (40, 40)
zbuffer = np.zeros((screen_size, screen_size))  # (40, 40)

cos_phi = np.cos(phi := np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, phi_spacing))  # (315,)
sin_phi = np.sin(phi)  # (315,)
cos_theta = np.cos(theta := np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, theta_spacing))  # (90,)
sin_theta = np.sin(theta)  # (90,)
circle_x = R2 + R1 * cos_theta  # (90,)
circle_y = R1 * sin_theta  # (90,)

x = (np.outer(cos_B * cos_phi + sin_A * sin_B * sin_phi, circle_x) - circle_y * cos_A * sin_B).T  # (90, 315)
y = (np.outer(sin_B * cos_phi - sin_A * cos_B * sin_phi, circle_x) + circle_y * cos_A * cos_B).T  # (90, 315)
z = ((K2 + cos_A * np.outer(sin_phi, circle_x)) + circle_y * sin_A).T  # (90, 315)
ooz = np.reciprocal(z)  # Calculates 1/z
xp = (screen_size / 2 + K1 * ooz * x).astype(int)  # (90, 315)
yp = (screen_size / 2 - K1 * ooz * y).astype(int)  # (90, 315)
L1 = (((np.outer(cos_phi, cos_theta) * sin_B) - cos_A * np.outer(sin_phi, cos_theta)) - sin_A * sin_theta)  # (315, 90)
L2 = cos_B * (cos_A * sin_theta - np.outer(sin_phi, cos_theta * sin_A))  # (315, 90)
L = np.around(((L1 + L2) * 8)).astype(int).T  # (90, 315)
mask_L = L >= 0  # (90, 315)
chars = illumination[L]  # (90, 315)

for i in range(90):
    mask = mask_L[i] & (ooz[i] > zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]])  # (315,)

    zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]] = np.where(mask, ooz[i], zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]])
    output[xp[i], yp[i]] = np.where(mask, chars[i], output[xp[i], yp[i]])

return output

def pprint(array: np.ndarray) -> None:
"""Pretty print the frame."""
print(*[" ".join(row) for row in array], sep="\n")

if name == "main":
for _ in range(screen_size * screen_size):
A += theta_spacing
B += phi_spacing
print("\x1b[H")
os.system('cls')
pprint(render_frame(A, B))
sleep(0.05)

My doughnut is not spinning :(. I'm getting snapshots for each timestamp.

probably bc of a computer ocnfiguration smwhere in ur pc ig or just context bro

i use arch btw

pacman<apt, powershell, and yum just saying btw

vim < visual studio code just sayiing btw

vim < visual studio code just sayiing btw

of course you guys
cant even use vim

vim < visual studio code just sayiing btw

of course you guys cant even use vim

to advanced for you fellas

pacman<apt, powershell, and yum just saying btw

bros gonna make me sue all arch users....

yeah we will see about that lil bro
@The-Final-Apex

yeah we will see about that lil bro @The-Final-Apex

Nahhhhh just realized i don thave the power to do so.....

vim < visual studio code just sayiing btw

of course you guys cant even use vim

to advanced for you fellas

also your talking to a notepad coder..... i eat vim for breakfast

lil bro I use hyprland

be stuck with you shitty windows

bruh i hate windows... i use LFS.