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3D spinning donut in Python. Based on the pseudocode from: https://www.a1k0n.net/2011/07/20/donut-math.html
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| import numpy as np | |
| screen_size = 40 | |
| theta_spacing = 0.07 | |
| phi_spacing = 0.02 | |
| illumination = np.fromiter(".,-~:;=!*#$@", dtype="<U1") | |
| A = 1 | |
| B = 1 | |
| R1 = 1 | |
| R2 = 2 | |
| K2 = 5 | |
| K1 = screen_size * K2 * 3 / (8 * (R1 + R2)) | |
| def render_frame(A: float, B: float) -> np.ndarray: | |
| """ | |
| Returns a frame of the spinning 3D donut. | |
| Based on the pseudocode from: https://www.a1k0n.net/2011/07/20/donut-math.html | |
| """ | |
| cos_A = np.cos(A) | |
| sin_A = np.sin(A) | |
| cos_B = np.cos(B) | |
| sin_B = np.sin(B) | |
| output = np.full((screen_size, screen_size), " ") # (40, 40) | |
| zbuffer = np.zeros((screen_size, screen_size)) # (40, 40) | |
| cos_phi = np.cos(phi := np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, phi_spacing)) # (315,) | |
| sin_phi = np.sin(phi) # (315,) | |
| cos_theta = np.cos(theta := np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, theta_spacing)) # (90,) | |
| sin_theta = np.sin(theta) # (90,) | |
| circle_x = R2 + R1 * cos_theta # (90,) | |
| circle_y = R1 * sin_theta # (90,) | |
| x = (np.outer(cos_B * cos_phi + sin_A * sin_B * sin_phi, circle_x) - circle_y * cos_A * sin_B).T # (90, 315) | |
| y = (np.outer(sin_B * cos_phi - sin_A * cos_B * sin_phi, circle_x) + circle_y * cos_A * cos_B).T # (90, 315) | |
| z = ((K2 + cos_A * np.outer(sin_phi, circle_x)) + circle_y * sin_A).T # (90, 315) | |
| ooz = np.reciprocal(z) # Calculates 1/z | |
| xp = (screen_size / 2 + K1 * ooz * x).astype(int) # (90, 315) | |
| yp = (screen_size / 2 - K1 * ooz * y).astype(int) # (90, 315) | |
| L1 = (((np.outer(cos_phi, cos_theta) * sin_B) - cos_A * np.outer(sin_phi, cos_theta)) - sin_A * sin_theta) # (315, 90) | |
| L2 = cos_B * (cos_A * sin_theta - np.outer(sin_phi, cos_theta * sin_A)) # (315, 90) | |
| L = np.around(((L1 + L2) * 8)).astype(int).T # (90, 315) | |
| mask_L = L >= 0 # (90, 315) | |
| chars = illumination[L] # (90, 315) | |
| for i in range(90): | |
| mask = mask_L[i] & (ooz[i] > zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]]) # (315,) | |
| zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]] = np.where(mask, ooz[i], zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]]) | |
| output[xp[i], yp[i]] = np.where(mask, chars[i], output[xp[i], yp[i]]) | |
| return output | |
| def pprint(array: np.ndarray) -> None: | |
| """Pretty print the frame.""" | |
| print(*[" ".join(row) for row in array], sep="\n") | |
| if __name__ == "__main__": | |
| for _ in range(screen_size * screen_size): | |
| A += theta_spacing | |
| B += phi_spacing | |
| print("\x1b[H") | |
| pprint(render_frame(A, B)) |
Is there a way to slow down the donut? Mine is spinning like a BeyBlade.
Is there a way to slow down the donut? Mine is spinning like a BeyBlade.
For sure! Follow this instructions:
- Import sleep function from time module.
import numpy as np
from time import sleep # Add this module
# Rest of the code [...]
- Add sleep function in loop.
# [...] Rest of the code ^
if __name__ == "__main__":
for _ in range(screen_size * screen_size):
A += theta_spacing
B += phi_spacing
print("\x1b[H")
pprint(render_frame(A, B))
sleep(0.05) # Add sleep funcion here!
# Try diffrent seconds!
Complete "slowed" code :
import numpy as np
from time import sleep
screen_size = 40
theta_spacing = 0.07
phi_spacing = 0.02
illumination = np.fromiter(".,-~:;=!*#$@", dtype="<U1")
A = 1
B = 1
R1 = 1
R2 = 2
K2 = 5
K1 = screen_size * K2 * 3 / (8 * (R1 + R2))
def render_frame(A: float, B: float) -> np.ndarray:
"""
Returns a frame of the spinning 3D donut.
Based on the pseudocode from: https://www.a1k0n.net/2011/07/20/donut-math.html
"""
cos_A = np.cos(A)
sin_A = np.sin(A)
cos_B = np.cos(B)
sin_B = np.sin(B)
output = np.full((screen_size, screen_size), " ") # (40, 40)
zbuffer = np.zeros((screen_size, screen_size)) # (40, 40)
cos_phi = np.cos(phi := np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, phi_spacing)) # (315,)
sin_phi = np.sin(phi) # (315,)
cos_theta = np.cos(theta := np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, theta_spacing)) # (90,)
sin_theta = np.sin(theta) # (90,)
circle_x = R2 + R1 * cos_theta # (90,)
circle_y = R1 * sin_theta # (90,)
x = (np.outer(cos_B * cos_phi + sin_A * sin_B * sin_phi, circle_x) - circle_y * cos_A * sin_B).T # (90, 315)
y = (np.outer(sin_B * cos_phi - sin_A * cos_B * sin_phi, circle_x) + circle_y * cos_A * cos_B).T # (90, 315)
z = ((K2 + cos_A * np.outer(sin_phi, circle_x)) + circle_y * sin_A).T # (90, 315)
ooz = np.reciprocal(z) # Calculates 1/z
xp = (screen_size / 2 + K1 * ooz * x).astype(int) # (90, 315)
yp = (screen_size / 2 - K1 * ooz * y).astype(int) # (90, 315)
L1 = (((np.outer(cos_phi, cos_theta) * sin_B) - cos_A * np.outer(sin_phi, cos_theta)) - sin_A * sin_theta) # (315, 90)
L2 = cos_B * (cos_A * sin_theta - np.outer(sin_phi, cos_theta * sin_A)) # (315, 90)
L = np.around(((L1 + L2) * 8)).astype(int).T # (90, 315)
mask_L = L >= 0 # (90, 315)
chars = illumination[L] # (90, 315)
for i in range(90):
mask = mask_L[i] & (ooz[i] > zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]]) # (315,)
zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]] = np.where(mask, ooz[i], zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]])
output[xp[i], yp[i]] = np.where(mask, chars[i], output[xp[i], yp[i]])
return output
def pprint(array: np.ndarray) -> None:
"""Pretty print the frame."""
print(*[" ".join(row) for row in array], sep="\n")
if __name__ == "__main__":
for _ in range(screen_size * screen_size):
A += theta_spacing
B += phi_spacing
print("\x1b[H")
pprint(render_frame(A, B))
sleep(0.05) # Add sleep funcion here!
# Try diffrent seconds!
Thank you very much, iijwpy! I enjoy my donut much better now. Stay blessed!
miih cant run it
My doughnut is not spinning :(. I'm getting snapshots for each timestamp.
if youre using VS code , then you have to put the terminal on fullscreen when you run the code. (click the red circled button in the pic attached). And it runs smoothly
for me terminal dosent show up anything after running it yk how to fix?
Tap on the blue circled button then you will see the terminal
Nice
Nice
thnx :)
im so happy
using os library.It better
like this:
import numpy as np
from time import sleep
import os
screen_size = 40
theta_spacing = 0.07
phi_spacing = 0.02
illumination = np.fromiter(".,-~:;=!*#$@", dtype="<U1")
A = 1
B = 1
R1 = 1
R2 = 2
K2 = 5
K1 = screen_size * K2 * 3 / (8 * (R1 + R2))
def render_frame(A: float, B: float) -> np.ndarray:
"""
Returns a frame of the spinning 3D donut.
Based on the pseudocode from: https://www.a1k0n.net/2011/07/20/donut-math.html
"""
cos_A = np.cos(A)
sin_A = np.sin(A)
cos_B = np.cos(B)
sin_B = np.sin(B)
output = np.full((screen_size, screen_size), " ") # (40, 40)
zbuffer = np.zeros((screen_size, screen_size)) # (40, 40)
cos_phi = np.cos(phi := np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, phi_spacing)) # (315,)
sin_phi = np.sin(phi) # (315,)
cos_theta = np.cos(theta := np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, theta_spacing)) # (90,)
sin_theta = np.sin(theta) # (90,)
circle_x = R2 + R1 * cos_theta # (90,)
circle_y = R1 * sin_theta # (90,)
x = (np.outer(cos_B * cos_phi + sin_A * sin_B * sin_phi, circle_x) - circle_y * cos_A * sin_B).T # (90, 315)
y = (np.outer(sin_B * cos_phi - sin_A * cos_B * sin_phi, circle_x) + circle_y * cos_A * cos_B).T # (90, 315)
z = ((K2 + cos_A * np.outer(sin_phi, circle_x)) + circle_y * sin_A).T # (90, 315)
ooz = np.reciprocal(z) # Calculates 1/z
xp = (screen_size / 2 + K1 * ooz * x).astype(int) # (90, 315)
yp = (screen_size / 2 - K1 * ooz * y).astype(int) # (90, 315)
L1 = (((np.outer(cos_phi, cos_theta) * sin_B) - cos_A * np.outer(sin_phi, cos_theta)) - sin_A * sin_theta) # (315, 90)
L2 = cos_B * (cos_A * sin_theta - np.outer(sin_phi, cos_theta * sin_A)) # (315, 90)
L = np.around(((L1 + L2) * 8)).astype(int).T # (90, 315)
mask_L = L >= 0 # (90, 315)
chars = illumination[L] # (90, 315)
for i in range(90):
mask = mask_L[i] & (ooz[i] > zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]]) # (315,)
zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]] = np.where(mask, ooz[i], zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]])
output[xp[i], yp[i]] = np.where(mask, chars[i], output[xp[i], yp[i]])
return output
def pprint(array: np.ndarray) -> None:
"""Pretty print the frame."""
print(*[" ".join(row) for row in array], sep="\n")
if name == "main":
for _ in range(screen_size * screen_size):
A += theta_spacing
B += phi_spacing
print("\x1b[H")
os.system('cls')
pprint(render_frame(A, B))
sleep(0.05)
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nice